The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.
The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
The law of the church.
The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.
An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.
The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.
Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.
A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.
The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.
The native, common spoken language of a particular region.
Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.
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