Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

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