Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

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