Chapter 1 Quiz

. What discovery has complicated the chronology related to the split between chimpanzees and the emergence of the first hominins?

A fossil find in Germany which dates back 11.6 million years.

The discovery of fossils in Africa belonging to australopiths.

The uncovering of 3.3 million year old stone tools in Kenya.

The unearthing of hominin fossils in South Africa.

. Early hominins were able to expand their dietary resources to include a greater variety of food sources, such as meat:

Because they moved to different areas.

After improvements to stone tools

Because they had developed the ability to think in abstract terms.

Because their legs were long.

. The most important physical ability in the split from chimpanzee to hominin was:

The ability to climb trees to avoid predators.

Bipedalism, which allowed them to function effectively in both forest and savanna.

The ability to use knuckle-walking to move through forests quickly.

The combination of physical strength and speed.

. Homo erectus

Made simple tools, but did not yet walk upright.

Could not leave the tropics because they had not mastered the arts of making fire or tanning leather.

Typically possessed a brain that was larger than those of modern humans.

Were the first hominin to migrate out of Africa

. Levallois toolmaking is defined by

the earliest metal tools

found objects used as tools

rough stone toolmaking

refined stone working techniques

. Forager societies:

Are also known as "hunting and gathering" societies

Had a short life span because of the uncertainty of being able to find sufficient food.

Generally lived in caves because they did not generally possess the skills to build other types of shelter.

Were completely self-contained, never acquiring resources through trade or barter

. Gender was an aspect of social organization in early foraging societies in what respect?

These societies were clearly patriarchal because of the importance of males in hunting for meat and defending the tribe.

These societies were clearly matriarchal, as shown by their peaceful social organization and veneration of Earth Goddesses.

There is evidence of some division of labor between males and females, but not enough evidence to formulate any firm conclusions

Paleolithic pictures and symbols clearly show the gendered power structure of pre-agrarian societies.

. The following is NOT evidence of the development of abstract thought among Homo sapiens:

Jewelry

Grave sites

Paintings or drawings in caves and on rocks

Evidence that the same butchery sites were used by successive generations

. In traditional Australian Aboriginal society, as described in the nineteenth century, most marriages:

Were primarily monogamous

Were polygamous

Were only recognized between members of the same clan.

Limited to men who were successful traders.

. "Venus" figurines:

All depicted obese female forms with exaggerated sexual characteristics.

Have been unearthed all over western Europe.

Were sometimes tiny, but many were so large it is difficult to imagine them being transported from campsite to campsite.

Were, according to inscriptions found on them, designed for use in religious ceremonies.

. Rock art and cave art in Europe:

Very often depict human hunters tracking prey.

Generally depict fanciful figures, such as a bison with a human head, or an owl with a human body.

Often depict animals such as reindeer, horses, cattle, mammoths, etc

Show clearly that human intellectual ability and symbolic thinking has evolved rapidly in the past 10,000 years.

. Symbolic thinking among Homo sapiens:

Is evident only in European caves and hidden places.

Is visible in jewelry which shows evidence of the ability to conceptualize images by thinking abstractly

Seems to have been absent from human societies until about 10,000 years ago

Clearly conveys the creators' intention in rendering paintings and clay sculptures.

. All of the following were results of the last Ice Age EXCEPT:

Northern zones of Eurasia were partially covered with gigantic ice sheets.

The area from southern France to Mongolia consisted of semiarid steppe lands.

The increase in the size of African and Australian rain forests

The savannas and rain forests of the northern Sahara, southern Kalahari, and the interior of Australia were transformed into deserts.

. Modern humans adapted to the conditions of the Ice Age in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

The efficient hunting of small animals.

A spurt of technical innovation, leading to innovations like boomerangs, better fishhooks, and bird traps.

Expanded trade networks to exchange goods.

Better hand-held axes to more efficiently cut wood and meat

. What was the significance of creation of Beringia during the last Ice Age?

It was a large land mass that linked Asia with North America

It was a supercontinent that linked Africa with South America.

It was a narrow strip of land that linked Australia with New Zealand.

It was a narrow land mass that linked Britain with northern France.

. The carbon-dating of a horse mandible found in the Bluefish Caves helped

anthropologists discover the origins of the humans that migrated to Beringia.

mark the furthest migration of humans in North America during the last Ice Age.

archeologists date the first use of fire in North America.

establish the earliest known domestication of the horse by humans.

. "Kennewick man":

Appeared to have shared characteristics with the Ainu of Japan.

Was very short and small-boned.

Was remarkably free of injuries or other health problems.

Seems to have died after being trapped in an avalanche.

. Migrations to the Americas

Appear to have ended when the ice bridge melted about 20,000 years ago.

Appear to have continued from about 80,000 years ago until almost 600 years ago.

Came from one population that had migrated from Siberia to Beringia around 25,000 years ago

Led to remarkable uniformity in language from modern-day Canada to the southernmost tip of Chile.

. The history of humans from the time of Clovis and the Fertile Crescent to the present:

Represents a mere 0.02 percent of the time from Ardi to the present

Represents about 20 percent of that from the first Homo sapiens to the present.

Clearly illustrates the steps needed for human societies to develop.

Indicates that all human societies adapt and evolve at the same pace.

. The authors of the textbook believe that the principal reason for the slow pace of deep history was:

Because collecting vegetal foods, fishing, and hunting are not safe or dependable ways of securing nourishment.

The fact that foragers had more leisure time than farmers.

The conscious effort of foragers to limit population growth and group size

Because all humans retreated southward during the last Ice Age.

.

A photo of the oldest stone tools to exist and their measurements ranging from 5 to 10 centimeters.

What is significant about the stone tools pictured here?

They are the oldest stone tools found in Europe.

They are the earlies stone tools dated from the Paleolithic age.

They are the oldest stone tools found to date

They are the oldest tools associated with the Aborigines of Australia.

.

What name has been given to Paleolithic female figurines found all over Europe?

Acheulian stones

Venuses.

Neanderthal dolls

Lascaux ladies

.

A map traces how people migrated to America. People from Siberia migrated to various places, namely Alaska, Alberta, Venezuela, and Chile through the land. Coastal migration happened in places like Chile, Brazil, the West Indies, and San Francisco. Some of the earlier inhabited sites in those places were Alaska, Kennewick, Renumber, Clovis, Appalachian Mountains, Meadowcroft, Cactus Hill, Savannah river, Taima Taima, Lapa do Boquete, Santana de Riachoz, and Monte Verde.

The map shows human migration into the Americas. What halted human migration southward from Beringia?

They were halted by rising ocean levels that covered much of the land mass.

They were stopped by the severe cold of southern Beringia.

They were prevented from advancing due to a lack of boat building technology.

They were blocked by the impenetrable Cordilleran ice sheet.

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