Chapter 3 Self-Quiz

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. A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

Do not make sense correct incorrect

Are unfounded correct incorrect

Do not support preferred claims or positions correct incorrect

Do not support any particular position correct incorrect

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. Self-interest alone…

Cannot establish the truth of a claim correct incorrect

Cannot be controlled correct incorrect

Cannot affect our thinking correct incorrect

Cannot affect our motivations and desires correct incorrect

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. You are most likely to let your self-interest get in the way of clear thinking when you…

Are indifferent to your circumstances correct incorrect

Have a personal stake in the conclusions you reach correct incorrect

Have no commitments correct incorrect

Try to control your emotions correct incorrect

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. The sign of a maturing intellect is having the will and the courage to gradually prune beliefs that are

Uncomfortable correct incorrect

Groundless correct incorrect

Approved of by our group correct incorrect

Unnecessary correct incorrect

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. Your believing that something is true…

Makes it probable correct incorrect

Is irrational correct incorrect

Makes it true correct incorrect

Does not make it true correct incorrect

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. For critical thinkers, the best way to deal with group pressure is to…

Proportion your belief to the strength of reasons correct incorrect

Proportion your belief to the strength of group influence correct incorrect

Reject claims endorsed by groups correct incorrect

Accept only claims endorsed by preferred groups correct incorrect

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. Group pressure that comes from what groups of people do is known as...

Appeal to common practice correct incorrect

Peer pressure correct incorrect

Appeal to popularity correct incorrect

Straw man correct incorrect

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. Evidence is...

Beliefs that we have assumed correct incorrect

Something that we firmly believe correct incorrect

Something that makes a statement more likely to be true correct incorrect

What we find on the interest correct incorrect

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. Philosophers point out that if we could make a statement true just by believing it to be true, we would be. . .

Powerful correct incorrect

Truly wise correct incorrect

Infallible correct incorrect

Immoral correct incorrect

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. Many critics think that subjective relativism's biggest problem is that it is . . .

Beyond criticism correct incorrect

Self-defeating correct incorrect

Controversial correct incorrect

True correct incorrect

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. Most people are immune to the mere exposure effect.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The availability error is relying on evidence not because it's trustworthy but because it's memorable or striking.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Critical thinking is self-interested thinking.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. It is always wrong to accept a claim that furthers our own interests.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. From the standpoint of critical thinking, we have taken things too far when we accept claims for no good reason.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share our opinions, attitudes, and preferences.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that do not support our preferred claims or positions.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Your believing that something is true makes it probable.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The Dunning-Kruger effect is the phenomenon of being ignorant of how ignorant we are.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Racism consists of inferiorization or antipathy.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect