Chapter 10: Speaking: From Planning to Articulation

10.1 The Space between Thinking and Speaking

• Sentences are prepared on the fly
• Box 10.1: What spoken language really sounds like
• Language at Large 10.1: The sounds of silence: Conversational gaps across cultures
• What goes on as we prepare to speak?
• 10.1 Questions to Contemplate

10.2 Ordered Stages in Language Production

• Are words and their sounds planned separately?
• Box 10.2: Common types of speech errors
• Using experiments to study ordered stages
• It’s on the tip of your tongue
• More detailed evidence for ordered stages
• Box 10.3: Learning to fail at speaking
• 10.2 Questions to Contemplate

10.3 Formulating Messages

• How far ahead is the message planned?
• Seat-of-the-pants planning
• 10.3 Questions to Contemplate
• Researchers at Work 10.1: Message planning in real time
• Language at Large 10.2: “Clean” speech is not better speech

10.4 Structuring Sentences

• How do speakers choose the structure of a sentence?
• The importance of accessibility
• Method 10.1: Finding patterns in real-world language
• Memory pressures
• Language at Large 10.3: Language detectives track the unique “prints” of language users
• 10.4 Questions to Contemplate

10.5 Putting the Sounds in Words

• The lexical bias effect
• Inducing speech errors in the lab
• Method 10.2: The SLIP technique
• Does activation flow in both directions?
• The internal censor
• More evidence for bidirectional activation
• Box 10.4: Was Freud completely wrong about speech errors?
• Box 10.5: Patterns in speech errors
• 10.5 Questions to Contemplate
• Digging Deeper: Sentence production in other languages

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