Additional Reading:

Blackburn EH et al. 2015 Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risk, and protection Science 350: 1193-1198. 

Carlson, EA. 2011. Mutation:  The history of an idea from Darwin to genomics. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Gregory, T.R. (2008). Understanding Evolutionary Trees. Evo Edu Outreach 1, 121-137

Rahbari et al. 2016 Timing, rates, and spectra of human germline mutation  Nature Genetics 2016.  48:126-133.  . 

Shendure, J and JM Akey 2015 The origins, determinants, and consequences of human mutations. Science 349: 1478-1482

Venn, O., et al.  2014 Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees, Science 344: 1272-1275.  Although somewhat technical, the background and introduction are a good summary of mutation rates. 

Additional Reading for Boxes:

Toolbox 4.1:

White, T. J.(1996) "The future of PCR technology." TIB TECH 14: 478-84.

Box 4.1:

Meselson, Matthew, and Franklin W. Stahl. "The replication of DNA in Escherichia coli." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 44.7 (1958): 671-682.

Hanawalt PC. Density matters: the semiconservative replication of DNA. Proc

Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 28;101(52):17889-94.

Box 4.2

Chan SR, Blackburn EH. Telomeres and telomerase. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jan 29;359(1441):109-21.

Box 4.3

Luria, S. E., & Delbrück, M. (1943). Mutations of bacteria from virus sensitivity to virus resistance. Genetics, 28(6), 491.

Meneely, Philip M. "Pick Your Poisson: An Educational Primer for Luria and Delbrück’s Classic Paper." Genetics 202.2 (2016): 371-375.

Box 4.4

Bos KI, Schuenemann VJ, Golding GB, Burbano HA, Waglechner N, Coombes BK, McPhee JB, DeWitte SN, Meyer M, Schmedes S, Wood J, Earn DJ, Herring DA, Bauer P, Poinar HN, Krause J. A draft genome of  Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7370):506-10. doi: 10.1038/nature10549. Erratum in: Nature. 2011 Dec 8;480(7376):278.

Bos KI, Herbig A, Sahl J, Waglechner N, Fourment M, Forrest SA, Klunk J, Schuenemann VJ, Poinar D, Kuch M, Golding GB, Dutour O, Keim P, Wagner DM, Holmes EC, Krause J, Poinar HN. Eighteenth century Yersinia pestis genomes reveal the long-term persistence of an historical plague focus. Elife. 2016 Jan 21;5:e12994. doi: 10.7554/eLife.12994.

Feldman M, Harbeck M, Keller M, Spyrou MA, Rott A, Trautmann B, Scholz HC, Päffgen B, Peters J, McCormick M, Bos K, Herbig A, Krause J. A High-Coverage Yersinia pestis Genome from a Sixth-Century Justinianic Plague Victim. Mol Biol Evol. 2016 Nov;33(11):2911-2923.