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. Section 14.2 describes methods of cleaning up the emissions of fossil fuels. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant is described in Box 14.1. Using a combined cycle gas turbine increases its potential generation efficiency compared to a conventional steam turbine plant. What is the function of the air separation unit?

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. Section 14.2 also describes carbon capture and storage (CCS). Figure 14.4 and the related text describe four types of CCS power plants. One of them is the gas-fired pre-combustion capture plant. Which of these processes does it use?

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. According to the Norwegian company Equinor/Statoil, the Utsira saline aquifer formation is sufficiently large to absorb how many gigatonnes of CO2?

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. Section 14.3 describes methods of carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere including the planting of trees. By how much did the proportion of land area in Scotland covered by forest increase between 1900 and 2018?

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. The possibilities for reducing energy demand are described in Section 14.4. 'Passivhaus' building standards are one option. By how much was the space heating energy use reduced in the '3-litre house' project?

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. Solar energy is described in Section 14.5. The 'power tower' type of concentrated solar power uses steerable flat mirrors to collect solar radiation. What are they called?

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. Section 14.5 also describes tidal barrage and tidal stream systems, which both harness the energy of the tides. Which form of energy do tidal stream systems tap into?

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. Section 14.7 describes the possible future use of hydrogen. Hydrogen from different sources can be described by its 'colour'. What is blue hydrogen?

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. Section 14.7 also describes different types of fuel cells. Which type was used in the US Gemini and Apollo space programmes?

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. Section 14.8 describes scenarios for possible future world energy use. In 2018 energy from fossil fuels made up over 80% of world primary energy supply. How much would it supply in 2040 under the International Energy Agency's Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS)?

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