Chapter 14 Multiple choice questions

. Section 14.2 describes methods of cleaning up the emissions of fossil fuels. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant is described in Box 14.1. Using a combined cycle gas turbine increases its potential generation efficiency compared to a conventional steam turbine plant. What is the function of the air separation unit?

It compresses the air for the gasifier.

It feeds the gasifier with carbon monoxide.

It provides the gasifier with oxygen.

. Section 14.2 also describes carbon capture and storage (CCS). Figure 14.4 and the related text describe four types of CCS power plants. One of them is the gas-fired pre-combustion capture plant. Which of these processes does it use?

Coal is burned in oxygen and the resulting CO₂ is separated from the SO₂ and water vapour produced.

CO₂ is captured from the flue gas stream of a conventional power plant.

Natural gas is converted to hydrogen and CO₂. The hydrogen is burned in a CCGT and the CO₂ is sent for sequestration.

Coal is burned in oxygen, and the resulting CO₂ is separated from the SO₂ and water vapour produced.

. According to the Norwegian company Equinor/Statoil, the Utsira saline aquifer formation is sufficiently large to absorb how many gigatonnes of CO₂?

10 gigatonnes

600 gigatonnes

1000 gigatonnes

. Section 14.3 describes methods of carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere including the planting of trees. By how much did the proportion of land area in Scotland covered by forest increase between 1900 and 2018?

It increased from 5% to 12%.

It increased from 15% to 18%.

It didn't change significantly.

It increased from 5% to 18.5%.

. The possibilities for reducing energy demand are described in Section 14.4. 'Passivhaus' building standards are one option. By how much was the space heating energy use reduced in the '3-litre house' project?

It was halved.

It was reduced by a factor of 5.

It was reduced by a factor of 7.

. Solar energy is described in Section 14.5. The 'power tower' type of concentrated solar power uses steerable flat mirrors to collect solar radiation. What are they called?

Suncatchers

Heliostats

Solarimeters

. Section 14.5 also describes tidal barrage and tidal stream systems, which both harness the energy of the tides. Which form of energy do tidal stream systems tap into?

Kinetic energy

Thermal energy

Potential energy

. Section 14.7 describes the possible future use of hydrogen. Hydrogen from different sources can be described by its 'colour'. What is blue hydrogen?

Hydrogen produced from coal

That produced from natural gas, but using CCS to cut CO₂ emissions

Hydrogen produced from renewable energy

. Section 14.7 also describes different types of fuel cells. Which type was used in the US Gemini and Apollo space programmes?

Molten carbonate fuel cell

Alkaline fuel cell

Solid oxide fuel cell

. Section 14.8 describes scenarios for possible future world energy use. In 2018 energy from fossil fuels made up over 80% of world primary energy supply. How much would it supply in 2040 under the International Energy Agency's Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS)?

35.8%

46.2%

55.7%

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