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Return to Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law 4e, Student Resources
Chapter 12 Self-test questions
Parties to crime
Select a Topic
Select a Topic
Complicity by aiding, abetting, counselling, or procuring
Complicity by joint enterprise?
Defences
Principal or accomplice?
The relationship between complicity and inchoate liability
Number of questions to try
Start Quiz
*
not completed
What is accomplice liability (or complicity)?
Where multiple defendants are involved in an offence.
correct
incorrect
Where an assistant commits an inchoate offence.
correct
incorrect
Where there are multiple victims for an offence.
correct
incorrect
Where there has been a conspiracy between defendants.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
What is a principal?
The D who is highest ranking in the group, in gang crime.
correct
incorrect
The D who has organised and overseen the offence.
correct
incorrect
The D who is under police observation, if any is occurring.
correct
incorrect
The D who completes the
actus reus
and
mens rea
of the principal (main) offence.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
What is an accomplice?
Where this D completes the
actus reus
and
mens rea
of the principal (main) offence themselves, on behalf of the main D.
correct
incorrect
Where this D, rather than completing the
actus reus
and
mens rea
of the principal (main) offence themselves, commits another offence.
correct
incorrect
Where this D, rather than completing the
actus reus
and
mens rea
of the principal (main) offence themselves, does nothing and the offence is committed by another D
correct
incorrect
Where this D, rather than completing the
actus reus
and
mens rea
of the principal (main) offence themselves, instead aids, abets, counsels, or procures the principal D to commit the offence, and it is committed.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
It is always clear from the case facts as to whether D is a principal or an accomplice. True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
What is the leading case on the differentiation of principals and accomplices?
Rahman
[2007] EWCA Crim 342
correct
incorrect
Gnango
[2011] UKSC 59
correct
incorrect
Powell and English
[1999] 1 AC 1
correct
incorrect
Crilly
[2018] EWCA Crim 168
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
Which statute gave rise to the concept of accessorial liability?
Crime and Courts Act 2013
correct
incorrect
Accessories and Abettors Act 1861
correct
incorrect
Serious Crime Act 2007
correct
incorrect
Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
How do we define "aiding"?
Assisting the principal.
correct
incorrect
Forcing the principal to do something.
correct
incorrect
Encouraging the principal.
correct
incorrect
Producing the principal's offending by endeavour.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
How do we define "abetting"?
Assisting the principal.
correct
incorrect
Trying to foresee what the principal will do next.
correct
incorrect
Encouraging the principal.
correct
incorrect
Producing the principal's offending by endeavour.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
How do we define "counselling"?
Assisting the principal.
correct
incorrect
Forcing the principal to do something.
correct
incorrect
Encouraging the principal.
correct
incorrect
Producing the principal's offending by endeavour.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
How do we define "procuring"?
Assisting the principal.
correct
incorrect
Forcing the principal to do something.
correct
incorrect
Encouraging the principal.
correct
incorrect
Producing the principal's offending by endeavour.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
"Joint enterprise" is the same thing as "joint criminal enterprise," "joint venture," "joint criminal venture," and "parasitic accessory liability" (PAL). True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
What did the term "joint enterprise" actually mean?
Two or more Ds working towards a common criminal purpose.
correct
incorrect
An offence of statutory conspiracy.
correct
incorrect
A business where two or more directors have committed fraud.
correct
incorrect
An offence of murder committed by more than one D.
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
Which case abolished the concept of joint enterprise liability?
Johnson & Others (Joint Enterprise)
[2016] EWCA Crim 1613
correct
incorrect
Gnango
[2011] UKSC 59
correct
incorrect
Powell and English
[1999] 1 AC 1
correct
incorrect
Jogee
[2016] UKSC 8
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
It is possible for D to be complicit in an inchoate offence.
True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
The offences of attempted conspiracy or attempted complicity do not exist. True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
The general defences apply to complicity. True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
Withdrawal can be a defence to offences of complicity. True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
The victim rule can be a defence to offences of complicity.
True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
There is scope to develop the law on defences to complicity.
True or false?
True
correct
incorrect
False
correct
incorrect
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