Carl G. Hempel
1. Explain Semmelweis’s reasoning for the conclusion that the increased mortality rates in the First Division were the result of blood poisoning. Be sure to discuss some of his rejected hypotheses.
2. Why is it easier to establish that a hypothesis is false by the experimental method than that it is true?
3. Explain the difference between direct observation of a cause and indirect observation of its expected effects using examples from the reading.