Chapter 7 Self-test questions

Morphogenesis: change in form in the early embryo

Quiz Content

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. Previous chapters have focused on the establishment of embryonic axes and the specification of cellular identity. At the molecular and cellular level, how does morphogenesis differ from those processes?

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. Adherens junctions have an important role in development; they are composed of

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. If embryos are disaggregated with chemicals or proteases, and the individual cells are mixed together in culture, what will happen?

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. What type of cleavage is used in frog embryos?

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. Which of the following statements best describes compaction in the mouse embryo?

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. How do the endodermal cells of the sea urchin embryo carry out gut formation during gastrulation?

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. Gastrulation in sea urchins, Drosophila, and Xenopus all begin with a change in cell shape, in which the apical surface of an epithelial sheet contracts. This process is called

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. A fate map of a Xenopus blastula, just before gastrulation begins, shows (Figure 4.8) that the top portion of the embryo will become ectoderm (skin and nerve), the central portion will become mesoderm (bone, muscle, and blood), and the lowest portion will become endoderm (gut). How is it that the endoderm and mesoderm, shown on the outside in the fate map, end up on the inside in the embryo after gastrulation?

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. During gastrulation in the frog, the very first cells to move into the interior of the embryo through the blastopore come from the surface layer of cells in the marginal zone; they will become:

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. In Xenopus, the mesoderm moves in through the blastopore by rolling around the dorsal lip in a process called

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. In Xenopus, the elongation of the mesoderm toward the anterior results from the intercalation of cells during a process called:

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. Contrast involution, epiboly, and convergent extension.

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. In chicks, the formation of the neural tube relies on what cell-biological processes?

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. Which of the following statements regarding Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands is NOT true:

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. The development of drugs to block the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been applied to the control of the growth of cancers. What is the rationale for such a strategy?

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. Neural crest cells will become:

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. Neural crest cells taking the dorsal-lateral route will become

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