* not completed

. In which portion of the frog's life cycle would a frog appear most similar to a mammal?

blastula correct incorrect

phylotypic stage correct incorrect

gastrulation correct incorrect

fertilized egg correct incorrect

* not completed

. The notochord is a ___ structure in vertebrate embryos that lies under the ___, and is flanked by ___.

mesodermal, neural tube, somites correct incorrect

endodermal, mesoderm, the gut correct incorrect

ectodermal, neural tube, mesoderm correct incorrect

mesodermal, ectoderm, endoderm correct incorrect

* not completed

. The darkly pigmented end of a Xenopus egg is called

dorsal correct incorrect

the animal region correct incorrect

the vegetal region correct incorrect

yolk correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following choices puts the early developmental stages of the frog in their correct order?

blastula, fertilized egg, gastrula, neurula correct incorrect

cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis correct incorrect

neurulation, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis correct incorrect

tadpole, embryo, neurula, gastrula correct incorrect

* not completed

. During gastrulation in Xenopus, the blastocoel

becomes the gut correct incorrect

is filled with endodermal cells and disappears correct incorrect

does not change, but develops into what is called the archenteron correct incorrect

is displaced, and its original location becomes an endoderm-lined cavity, the archenteron, which is a precursor to the gut correct incorrect

* not completed

. The process in which the three germ layers form is called:

fertilization correct incorrect

cleavage correct incorrect

gastrulation correct incorrect

metamorphosis correct incorrect

* not completed

. Cleavage in the zebrafish gives rise to the

14-somite stage correct incorrect

gastrula correct incorrect

sphere stage correct incorrect

shield stage correct incorrect

* not completed

. The primitive streak of mouse and chick embryos is equivalent to which amphibian structure?

archenteron correct incorrect

blastocoel correct incorrect

blastopore correct incorrect

neural folds correct incorrect

* not completed

. In chick development, the cell movement through the primitive streak during gastrulation is called:

invagination correct incorrect

involution correct incorrect

ingression correct incorrect

epiboly correct incorrect

* not completed

. At the blastocyst stage, the mammalian embryo is composed of

a blastocoel, yolk, and animal cap cells correct incorrect

an epiblast overlying a hypoblast correct incorrect

ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal cells correct incorrect

trophectoderm and inner cell mass correct incorrect

* not completed

. In mammalian development, the embryo will form from which population of cells?

the blastocyst correct incorrect

the inner cell mass correct incorrect

the trophectoderm correct incorrect

the extraembryonic membranes correct incorrect

* not completed

. All the genes expressed in a particular tissue or at a particular stage of development can be identified using

in situ hybridization correct incorrect

insertional mutagenesis correct incorrect

RNA seq correct incorrect

zinc-finger nucleases correct incorrect

* not completed

. Electroporation is

fusion of adjacent cells using an electrical pulse correct incorrect

injection of a gene into the nucleus of a cell correct incorrect

the introduction of a fluorescent lineage maker into cells correct incorrect

use of brief pulses of electricity to cause cells to take up DNA correct incorrect

* not completed

. The least favorable model organism for traditional genetic analysis is

Drosophila correct incorrect

mouse correct incorrect

Xenopus correct incorrect

zebrafish correct incorrect

* not completed

. What property of the mammalian embryo permits the production of chimeric mice?

The inner cell mass is highly regulative, so that extra cells derived from the inner cell mass of a different embryo are incorporated without causing defects. correct incorrect

If half of the cells of the inner cell mass are removed and replaced with cells from half of a different embryo's inner cell mass, the embryo will heal and develop normally. correct incorrect

The embryo can develop outside the womb, making surgical manipulations possible. correct incorrect

Blastomeres separated at the two-cell stage will regulate and each forms a normal embryo. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which technique is commonly used for gene knock-out in mice?

microinjection of GFP correct incorrect

RNA interference (RNAi) correct incorrect

Cre/loxP system correct incorrect

DNA microarray correct incorrect

* not completed

. The advantage of using the Cre/loxP system for targeted mutagenesis is

a gene can be deleted in a particular tissue or at a desired time in development correct incorrect

the Cre/loxP system allows germline transgenesis in amphibians and chickens correct incorrect

the Cre/loxP system is more specific than homologous recombination correct incorrect

the deletion of a gene by the Cre/loxP system is reversible correct incorrect