Chapter 4 Student Quiz 2

. Cognate words

are metaphors.

are how words fit together to make meaningful units.

are the formal rules of language.

came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word.

. Latin and other Romance languages shared a common linguistic ancestor. The development of different languages from this linguistic ancestor is described by

Universal Grammar.

morphology.

Grimm's law.

phonology.

. Saussure's concept of parole is the

way language is used in society.

formal rules of language.

structure of speech sounds.

order of words.

. William Labov argues that language in US cities is increasingly

informal.

heterogeneous.

homogeneous.

formalized.

. Morphology is

the study of grammatical categories such as tense and word order.

how language is used in society.

how words fit together to make meaningful units.

the structure of speech sounds.

. An elaborating symbol

sums up a variety of meanings and experiences and links them to a single sign.

explains and clarifies complex relationships through a single symbol or set of symbols.

is a symbol that teaches people how to act.

is an implicit comparison of words or things that emphasize the similarities between them.

. A key scenario is a(n)

symbol that sums up a variety of meanings and experiences and links them to a single sign.

symbol to explain and clarify complex relationships through a single symbol or set of symbols.

story that teaches people how to act.

implicit comparison of words or things that emphasize the similarities between them.

. Ethnoscience is the study of

ethnic languages.

how people variously classify things in the world around them.

ethnicity and the linguistic stereotypes around them.

how people use various plants for medicinal treatment.

. The SapirâWhorf hypothesis argues that

people who speak different languages actually do perceive and experience the world differently.

humans all have the same basic brain structure to understand grammar.

humans are born with the capacity to speak any language.

humans discriminate on the basis of language.

. What is not true of animal call systems?

They respond to real-world stimuli.

They are similar across communities of the same species.

Calls can be combined to make new meanings.

They cannot express information about things not present in their current environment.

. Creole is

a language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages.

a regional or social variety of a language.

the sound system of a language.

a hybrid language that only exists in written form.

. Words or objects that stand for something else are

summarizing symbols.

signs.

cognates.

elaborating symbols.

. What is true of all languages?

They have three tenses in their structure.

They are stable.

They have grammatical rules.

They are the same written as spoken.

. African American Vernacular English is an example of a

proto-language.

dialect.

accent.

pidgin language.

. The systematic analysis and description of a language's sound system and grammar is known as

ethno-linguistics.

philology.

descriptive linguistics.

sociolinguistics.

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