Chapter 1 Student Quiz 2

. Natural selection

is the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because the traits are better suited to the environment.

is the economic process of shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one.

is the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices.

are techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and then count, measure, and construct statistical models for collecting and analyzing.

. It is important to be clear about the anthropological work you are doing in any field site; therefore, it is important to get the permission of your subjects by

force.

any means necessary.

informed consent.

archival documents.

. Susan is an American who traveled to Kenya and was continuously telling her travel companions how everything in the United States was better and more advanced. Susan was being

unbiased.

ethnocentric.

unworldly.

correct.

. Cultural relativism is the principle that

one should seek to understand cultures on their own terms.

one can only understand another culture if it is relatively similar to one's own.

anthropologists' ethical obligations vary across cultural contexts.

the scientific method is only appropriate in some cultures.

. When an anthropologist examines birthing practices in the United States and Mexico, he or she is employing

the scientific method.

cultural relativism.

participant observation.

the comparative method.

. __________ excavate sites where written historical documentation about the site is present.

Historical archaeologists

Paleontologists

Applied anthropologists

Cultural anthropologists

. Charles Darwin developed the theory of

gravity.

relativity.

the scientific method.

natural selection.

. The salvage paradigm in anthropology

argues that culture is an exercise in salvaging the past.

operates under the assumption that cultures last forever.

documents languages before they die out.

does ethnography in scrapyards.

. Holism

synthesizes the entirety of the human experience.

is part of the scientific method.

is a universal truth.

counts, measures, and constructs statistical models.

. Quantitative data include

open-ended interviews.

participant observation.

body measurements.

casual conversations.

. An applied anthropologist would be most interested in studying

the most effective distribution of tuberculosis drugs for a health clinic.

the effect of new political advertising policies on recent elections.

how the arrival of Mormon missionaries has affected local religious practices.

how hula dancers apply their knowledge of anatomy in their daily rehearsals.

. For an anthropologist considering the ethical implications of his or her research, the top priority would be whether

the local government will approve of the results.

the research will be important enough to reach a large audience.

the communities his or her study will feel any negative impact as a result of the study.

nonprofit organizations will find their results useful.

. __________ was not a driving force in early anthropology.

Colonialism

Evolutionary theory

The Industrial Revolution

First wave feminism

. A team of cultural anthropologists studying the idea of "smartness" in a school district would be most likely to

collect statistical data on student success rates.

conduct IQ tests on students.

interview teachers and administrators about how "smartness" is defined.

develop a model that enables them to rank each school in the district from least to most smart.

. A historical archaeologist would most likely be found at

recently discovered slave quarters from the early nineteenth century.

an excavation site where early hominids were discovered.

a school board meeting where the public school history curriculum is up for debate.

a local art museum where they are helping to restore a renaissance painting.

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