* not completed

. American realists argued that formalism devalued the authority of the judge to make law, because:

Judicial decisions are less important than legislation. correct incorrect

Formalism treats legal reasoning as syllogistic reasoning. correct incorrect

Judges generally base their decisions on formal logic. correct incorrect

The structure of legal reasoning is flawed. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following criticisms of Llewellyn's distinction between the grand and formal styles of legal reasoning is the most compelling?

There is no distinction between the two forms of legal reasoning. correct incorrect

Judges are appointed to interpret the law, not to make it. correct incorrect

It is misleading to pigeon-hole judges in this way. correct incorrect

Judicial reasoning is always formal. correct incorrect

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. Hart dismissed American realism as 'the claim that talk of rules is a myth, cloaking the truth that law consists simply of the decisions of courts and predictions of them.' What is the strongest reason for regarding this remark as unfair?

Because American realism was not concerned with the predictions of what courts will do but more interested in the rights and duties of parties involved in litigation. correct incorrect

Because American realists were preoccupied with the concept of justice and its application in American courts. correct incorrect

Because the American realists exposed the limitations of a doctrinal account of law without a proper empirical investigation of the way it functions thereby paving the way to a sociological approach to law. correct incorrect

Because the principal focus of the American realist 'school' was legal education. correct incorrect

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. Why do the Scandinavian realists reject a metaphysical approach to law?

Because they regard empiricism as a more reliable method by which to understand the concept of law. correct incorrect

Because they have no interest in the operation of the legal system. correct incorrect

Because their approach is based on Bentham's sceptical account of the common law. correct incorrect

Because they prefer a natural law analysis of legal ideas. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements most accurately explains Ross' comparison of social life to the game of chess?

Chess is a game of skill; success in life is also a matter of skill. correct incorrect

Winning a game of chess, like life, frequently depends on luck. correct incorrect

In both games of chess and social life, there is effectively a dispute or contest. correct incorrect

Social life is similar to chess because individual actions are often related to a common idea of rules. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which proposition below is the most powerful refutation of Olivecrona's psychological explanation of law?

Coercion plays no part in our decision to obey the law. correct incorrect

He provides no empirical evidence in support of his thesis. correct incorrect

His argument is itself metaphysical. correct incorrect

He neglects the relation between morality and legal duty. correct incorrect