Chapter 15 Quiz

. The following is the correct chronological order:

End of Teotihuacán; Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula; Chichén Itzá; Inca Empire.

Chichén Itzá; End of Teotihuacán; Inca Empire; Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula.

Inca Empire; Late Maya kingdoms in the Yucatán Peninsula; End of Teotihuacán; Chichén Itzá.

Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula; Chichén Itzá; End of Teotihuacán; Inca Empire.

. All of the following societies occupied parts of Mesoamerica EXCEPT:

Teotihuacán

Wari

Toltec

Maya

. The city of Tula, originally formed by craftsmen and farmers fleeing the collapsed state of Teotihuacán:

Developed advanced military techniques and renamed themselves "the Nahuatl."

Were able to maintain their independence despite repeated invasions by Toltec and Aztec war parties.

Developed workshops that produced tools fabricated from local obsidian.

Were the earliest ironworkers in the Americas.

. The Toltec state introduced all of the following military innovations EXCEPT:

Short wooden swords with inlaid obsidian edges.

Obsidian daggers with wooden handles.

Establishing colonies and having troops accompany traders.

Wheeled chariots that were used to terrify the enemy.

. The large trade network in which the Toltecs participated can be characterized by the following:

It was based on the exchange of goods, such as gemstones, obsidian, cacao, vanilla, and bird feathers.

It led to the diffusion of silk weaving techniques.

It facilitated the transmission of agricultural techniques, for instance, the cultivation of rice producing two or more crops per year.

It was based on the use of military might to protect merchants and to force other societies to enter into formal trading agreements with the Toltec.

. Features of the late Maya States in the Yucatán included all of the following EXCEPT:

Maya culture's final period was about 650-900.

There were massive attempts at agricultural expansion, involving terracing and other innovations.

Surprisingly, there was little if any centralization of political authority.

In some kingdoms, the population density was about 1,000 persons per square mile.

. The problems identified in the textbook as leading to the deterioration of the late Mayan states included all of the following EXCEPT:

Torrential downpours washed away the topsoil from the newly built hillside terraces.

The area experienced uncontrollable population growth, as was true in China

Members of the ruling class fought each other over what remained of agricultural surpluses.

Malnutrition began to reduce the labor force

. Chichén Itzá's garden agriculture was based on:

Irrigation from local rivers.

Annual rainfall during the summer months.

Water transported from sinkholes or cisterns.

sources of water transported over distances by aquaducts.

. Around 600, two groups arrived in the Peruvian Andes as conquerors:

The Inca and the Wari.

The Tiwanaku and the Inca.

The Tiwanaku and the Wari.

The Chontal and the Inca

. Resources of the Andean region around Lake Titicaca included all of the following EXCEPT:

Freshwater fish for food.

Reeds for the construction of boats and roofs.

Food staples such as potatoes and quinoa.

Rich fields of corn at the highest elevations.

. All of the following are true of the state of Wari EXCEPT:

It seems to have had less control over elites than most other empires in the Americas.

It was centered on the Ayacucho Valley in the highlands of northern Peru.

Farmers cultivated potatoes, cotton, and corn.

Wari elites constructed colonies outside of the core areas.

. Wari and Tiwanaku had certain similarities, such as all of the following EXCEPT:

They were both expanding states governed by elite clans.

Despite obvious signs of rebellion, it is clear that the commoners respected and protected temples and temple sculptures.

Leaders derived their strength from reciprocal patron-client relationships.

After the year 950, there are signs of increased internal tension in both states.

. The Aztec and Inca empires which developed in the early fifteenth century were different from the earlier expanding states in that:

Previous expansionistic states had to maintain much larger armies to control the surrounding states.

The Aztec and Incan empires were states with military classes that could conquer larger territories than was possible prior to their existence.

The Aztecs and Incas imposed their language and religions on the conquered states, creating a more homogeneous population than seen before.

The empires of the Americas developed patterns vastly different from any appearing in Eurasia.

. The Aztec foundation myth has all of the following elements EXCEPT:

Their hunter/warrior patron god ordered them to show their gratitude by the sacrifice of virgin maidens at the beginning of each lunar cycle.

The first Aztec was born on an island or in a mountain cave.

The Aztecs migrated south into the Mexican Basin.

The patron god Huitzilpochtli guided them to a land of plenty, signaling their arrival by an eagle perched on a cactus.

. All of the following are true of the Aztecs EXCEPT:

The Aztecs and two other vassal states successfully rebelled against the reigning city-state in the Mexican Basin in 1428.

The Aztec city of Tenochtitlán became the capital of an empire based in the Mexican Basin.

The local elites of states conquered by the Aztecs were left in place, but they were required to leave their sons as hostages for good behavior.

The state that was established by the Aztecs was much less centralized than either the Teotihuacán or Toltec city-states.

. The Aztecs inherited the weaponry and armor of:

The Toltecs

The Maya

Teotihuacán.Wari

. All of the following were true of the Incan empire EXCEPT:

It emerged in the southern Peruvian city-state of Cuzco, as a highly militaristic society.

The name of the empire, "Tawantinsuyu," means "Land of Warriors."

It extended into the upper Amazon region as well as the western Argentinean.

Its foundation myth has similarities to that of the Aztecs.

. All of the following are true of political organization under the Incan empire EXCEPT:

It was divided into four regions, which were subdivided into provinces, each of which had an Inca subgovernor.

Local elites retained some power, subordinate to the Incan governors and subgovernors.

Care was taken not to disturb local practices, such as burial rituals.

Local elites oversaw recruiting for the mit'a, or the service obligation of the subjects.

. All of the following are true of Incan military organization EXCEPT:

Armies ranged in size from about 10,000 men to about 25,000 men.

Under the mit'a system, men were required to serve in the military.

During the second half of the fifteenth century, the military's role turned from conquest to consolidation.

The military was equipped with a variety of weapons including wooden broadswords and slings.

. Inca weaponry:

Was much less sophisticated than that of the Aztecs.

Used all the same techniques, including identical technology in affixing obsidian cutting edges for broadswords and arrow points.

Was comparable to that of the Aztecs.

Did not include the use of protective armor, although it appears that some of their enemies did.

. During the second half of the fifteenth century, the Incas:

Turned from conquest to consolidation.

Increased the scope of their military draft, using people who would otherwise have been left in their own villages.

Pulled back toward the administrative center to avoid the costs of constant warfare on the borderlands.

Faced foreign armies, often as well armed as the Incas, which led to a greater cohesion among the Incan elite aristocracy.

. All of the following is true of communications in the Inca empire EXCEPT:

The rugged, mountainous terrain prevented the construction of roads of the same quality as those in the Aztec empire.

The Incas systematically improved road networks that had been built by their predecessors, particularly the Tiwanaku and Wari.

Every 15 miles, an inn was constructed for travelers.

The roads often requiring extensive grounding, paving, and tunneling.

. What percentage of people were urban dwellers in the Mexican Basin during the fifteenth century?

30%

50%

20%

65%

. A commonality between the Aztec and Inca capitals of the fifteenth century is:

That they were ruled by direct decrees from rulers and elites, and neither had a system of appeal

That they were ceremonial centers with little or no economic activity to interfere with religion.

That they were among the largest cities of the world.

That their monumental architecture followed identical artistic traditions.

. All of the following were true of Tenochtitlán EXCEPT:

Aqueducts piped freshwater directly to all citizens.

The primary market at the center of the northern island could attract as many as 40,000 people.

A number of causeways crossed it and linked it with the lakeshore.

Professional waste removers collected human waste and took it to farmers for fertilizer.

. In "Patterns Up Close," all of the following to be true about ritual human sacrifice EXCEPT:

The survival of traditional blood rituals and human sacrifices within polytheism was a pattern that distinguished the early American empires from their Eurasian counterparts.

Mexican archeologists discovered the remnants of a skull rack in front of the Temple in 2015.

From first-hand reports and archeological evidence, we can ascertain the exact extent it was practiced by Aztec and Inca societies.

Earlier societies in Mesoamerica emphasized the ruler's self-sacrifice.

.

Where was the quipu pictured below used to record taxes, population figures, and other data?

North America

The Amazon Basin

Mesoamerica

The Andes region

.

A map of Mesoamerica shows the Aztec Empire circa 1520 C E, the empire's expansion, the independent states, and the trade routes. The Aztec Empire was in northern Mesoamerica. Under Itzcóatl between 1427 and 1440, under Moctezuma the first between 1440 and 1469, and under Axayacatl between 1469 and 1481, the empire expanded to northeastern and north-central part of Mesoamerica with some independent states. Under Ahuitzotl between 1486 and 1502, and under Moctezuma the second between 1502 and 1519, the empire expanded to parts of northeastern and parts of western coastal Mesoamerica. The independent states along the western coast from north to south were Tarasco, Yopitzinco, Tototepec, and Coalticamac. The independent states in central Mesoamerica from north to south were Metztitlan, Tlaxcala, and Teotitlan. In the Valley of Mexico, between Tarasco and Tlaxcala, the triple alliance cities were Tlacopan to the west of a lake, Tenochtitlán in the center of the lake, and Texoco east of the lake. The trade routes formed a dense network in the kingdom, along the Mesoamerican coast around the Lowland Mayan Kingdoms in the Yucatán Peninsula, and extended to southern Mesoamerica. An inset map locates the empire in Central America.

Based on the map above, which of the following was not a not a member of the Triple Alliance?

Tlaxcala

Tenochtitlán

Texcoco

Tlacopan

.

A photo of people walking across the Inca roads.

The road above was reserved by the Incas for

tax collectors

merchants

runners and the military

rulers and.their families.

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