Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

The law of the church.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

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