Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

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