Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The law of the church.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

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