A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.
Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.
An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.
The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.
An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.
The law of the church.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.
The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
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