Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

The law of the church.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

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