Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The law of the church.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

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