Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

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