Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The law of the church.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

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