A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.
A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.
The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.
A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.
All territories within France controlled directly by the king.
Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.
The law of the church.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
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