Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

The law of the church.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

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