Chapter 10 Matching Exercise

Islamic Civilization and Byzantium, 600–1300 CE
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The partaking of bread and wine in commemoration of Jesus Christ's last supper. Byzantium accused Rome of serving the flat Middle Eastern bread which it denounced as "Jewish," in reference to Lev. 23:4–8.

A system for collecting taxes and rents from the population, where the state grants the right of collection to private individuals.

Meditative devotion to faith, expressed in the form of prayer, ecstasy, chanting, or dancing.

An association of self-governing states sharing similar institutional and cultural traits.

Initially: believer in the concordance among all prophetic messages from Abraham to Muhammad. Later on: believer who submits to the will of God (Allah).

Literally "struggle (for the path of God-fi sabil Allah)," that can range from personal struggle for faith to war in the name of Islam.

Removal of all religious images from churches and monasteries during a period in the Byzantine Empire (726-787, 814-842), under orders of the emperors.

Eastern Christianity allows clerical marriage and the wearing of beards.

Representative of God, and later of Muhammad, on earth.

The paradigmatic "path" of Muhammad's traditions which, if trodden by believers, will lead to salvation.

Community of all who believe in one God, with Muhammad as their prophet, and reject pagan idolatry (ignorance, jahiliyya) or associationism (shirk), such as the Christian doctrine of Trinity.

Christianity based on the doctrine of God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

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