Chapter 19 Quiz

. ___________ was an African empire during the fifteenth andsixteenth centuries:

Benin

Ethiopia

Kanem-Bornu

Songhay

. The following order is correct:

Proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil.

First African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil.

First African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina.

First African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola.

. Some Catholic monks in the kingdom of Kongo denounced ngangas as:

Immoral women such as prostitutes.

Wives who refused to take care of their children.

Witches

Men who left their families in order to seek their fortunes elsewhere.

. In the opening vignette of the chapter, Dona Beatriz is portrayed as all of the following EXCEPT:

A deeply religious woman who believed that she was the reincarnation of St. Anthony of Padua.

A committed pacifist, determined to prevent violence at any cost.

God's providential agent sent to restore the Catholic faith.

A critic of the Catholic faith in the efficacy of the sacraments.

. The long-range impact of a Muslim invasion of northern Sub-Saharan Africa in the sixteenth century:

Strengthened the drive toward centralization in the area as societies organized for war.

Brought empire-building in the northern Sub-Saharan African societies to a halt.

Caused the societies in the savanna region of Central Africa to scatter and decentralize.

Put most of Africa under Sharia law.

. All of the following are true of Songhay EXCEPT:

It was initially a tributary state of Mali.

It was centered on the city of Gao, on the Niger River.

They amassed the wealth to embark on a drive of military conquest by raiding caravans and other trade missions.

The Songhay were an ethnic group of herders, villagers, and fishermen.

. The Hausa kingdoms:

Were located in the far south, near the Horn of Africa.

"Hausa" were named for the three kingdoms that formed around 1500.

Formed at the height of the Mali-dominated trans-Saharan trade.

Successfully prevented the spread of Islamic religious beliefs into their territories.

. In South Central Africa (on the southern side of the rainforest, the eastern part of the southern savanna, and the Great Lakes area of Central Africa):

Muslim influence arrived early in the fifth century.

Societies remained outside of the reach of the slave trade to the Americas.

Increases in population led them to participate in the European slave trade by the sixteenth century.

Because of their remote location, there was never a need to develop political organization, such as chiefdoms.

. What did the Portuguese produce using slave labor on plantations on islands off the coast of Africa?

Cotton

Sugar

Guinea pepper

Wine

. All of the following were true of Ethiopia in the 15^th and 16^th centuries EXCEPT:

The Ethiopian economy was based on productive agriculture, with the king controlling a trade in gold, ivory, animal skins and slaves.

By the early 16^th century, Ethiopians were contending for a port on the Red Sea with the Muslim sultanate of Adal.

The Portuguese aided Ethiopia in its war with Adal.

The Ottoman Empire at first aided Adal, but eventually retreated when faced by Ethiopian determination and Portuguese military might.

. All of the following statements are true of the Portuguese interaction or contacts in West Africa EXCEPT:

African agriculturalists became much more productive after adopting Portuguese iron plow shears.

By the 1440s, Portuguese mariners raided the West African coast for slaves.

In early skirmishes with Africans, the precisely aimed poisoned arrows of the Africans were more effective than the Portuguese muskets.

The Portuguese gained rights to trade and build posts through treaties with local African leaders.

. Trade between Europeans and Africans during the period 1500 to 1800:

Was largely motivated by food shortages during the cold period known as "the little ice age", and was generally comprised of wheat, rice, or other grains necessary to sustain life.

Was generally an exchange of luxury goods rather than basic necessities, geared toward enhancing elite power through a display of conspicuous consumption.

Almost always included quantities of alcoholic beverages to entice Africans to enter into trade with Europeans.

Primarily involved the exportation of slaves during the first two centuries.

. All of the following is true of the trade between Portuguese mariners and the kingdom of Benin EXCEPT:

The king of Benin allowed the Portuguese to build a fort on the coast in 1487.

At first the trade consisted of an exchange goods for slaves.

When a later king ordered the halt of the slave trade, the Portuguese agreed, and turned to European sources of labor.

The admission of missionaries and Portuguese envoys allowed members of the royal court to learn about Portuguese culture.

. All of the following are true of the Dutch in South Africa EXCEPT:

A few wealthy landowners imported the first black slaves to the colony in 1658.

The built a fort on the South African coast in 1652.

The first settlers were craftsmen and traders, but by 1750 there were about 10,000 Dutch farmers in the Cape Colony.

A Dutch settler society gradually emerged, particularly when they offered a haven to English Catholics seeking refuge.

. All of the following are true of the system of slavery in the Americas EXCEPT:

An estimated 12 percent died in transit.

There is no general agreement as to the exact number of Africans brought to the Americas as slaves, but it is estimated that around 12.5 million were shipped from Africa.

The greatest number of slaves was shipped to Brazil.

The greatest number of slaves was imported into the southern part of the United States.

. In legal terms, how were African slaves in the New World perceived?

They were seen as having the same legal rights as their owners.

They were seen as an item of moveable personal property or chattel.

They were seen as having legal protections from physical harm.

They were seen much the same as previous indentured servants from Europe.

. "Presentism" is

The belief that we can judge the past through an analysis of the long-term impact of the decisions and actions of past societies.

A belief that modern humans can only learn from the past by looking at it through the lens of modern knowledge.

A bias toward present-day attitudes as we interpret history.

The belief that the events of the past inevitably led to today's reality.

. All of the following are true of the Americas soon after the Spanish arrived EXCEPT:

African slaves worked in mining and on sugar plantations.

As many Europeans died from American diseases as Americans from European diseases.

Smallpox epidemics ravaged the Native peoples.

African slaves were imported to supplement the labor force.

. The average life span of a sugar plantation slave is estimated to have been:

Five or six years

Until age 50 for males; slightly longer for females

Until age 27 or so

Twelve to fifteen years

. "Mercantilism" is a political/economic theory that holds that:

Merchants enrich their society, and should therefore occupy political leadership positions.

A thriving import business is vital to national interests.

Nations are weakened by excessive export.

The security of a nation depends on the supply of precious metals it controls.

. All of the following is true of indentured laborers EXCEPT:

English planters in Barbados imported English and Irish indentured laborers.

After English and Irish workers became unwilling to migrate as indentured laborers, law courts sentenced those accused of crimes to "transportation" to serve as indentured labor.

Indentured laborers worked in the Americas for 3-7 years to pay off the cost of their passage across the Atlantic.

Indenture was abandoned because African slaves quickly proved a better source of labor.

. Initially, slave labor was brought to North America:

To work in the timber industry

To work on tobacco plantations

To work producing wheat and barley

To produce rice and indigo for the Caribbean

. All of the following is true of the Carolina colony EXCEPT:

It began under the authority of the Lords Proprietors in Barbados

Initially, settlers enslaved tens of thousands of Native Americans

Settlers approved of the management of the Lords Proprietors

South Carolina became a royal colony in 1719

. All of the following were important economically in the Carolinas EXCEPT:

Sugar cane and molasses

Rice

Indigo

Woven cotton cloth

. James Oglethorpe originally founded the colony of Georgia for:

England's poor, debtors, and dispossessed

Catholic refugees from England

Freed slaves from the Carolinas

Irish and Scottish indentured servants

. After the capture of Elmina in 1637, the ___________ became the principal transporters of slaves across the Atlantic.

French

Spanish

Dutch

English

. "Creole" cultures emerge:

With the interaction of different societies.

Generally only when societies are militarily defeated by a stronger society and have the customs of the conqueror forced upon them.

When indigenous religions are eradicated.

Generally only when subordinate people imitate the manners and language of dominant societies.

. Which of the following locations did not have a Maroon settlement?

Barbados

Jamaica

Colombia

Surinam

.

A map of Africa shows the regions from which captured Africans were brought to the Americas, between 1501 and 1867. The approximate number and percentage are as follows. Senegambia: 1,000,000, 6.0 percent. Sierra Leone: 500,000, 3.1 percent. Windward Coast: 250,000, 2.7 percent. Gold coast: 1,500,000, 9.7 percent. Bight of Benin: 2,000,000, 16.0 percent. Bight of Biafra: 1,750,000, 12.7 percent. West Central Africa: 5,000,000, 45.5 percent. Southeast Africa: 500,000, 4.3 percent.

About how many African captives were taken from West Central Africa?

Five hundred thousand

Two million

Five million

One million

.

A map shows the trade of goods across the Atlantic. The English colonies were along the eastern coast of North America, and the major cities in the colonies were Boston, Newport, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah. Fish, livestock, flour, and lumber were transported from northeastern North America to the Caribbean, and slaves and sugar were transported back. Rice from southeastern North America was transported to the West Indies, and slaves from the West Indies were transported back. Fish, furs, and lumber from northeastern North America and tobacco, rice, indigo, and hides were transported to the United Kingdom, and manufactured goods from the United Kingdom were transported back. Grain, fish, lumber, and rum were transported from northeastern North America to northern Africa. Molasses and fruit were transported from the Caribbean to Europe. European products from Europe were transported to the Caribbean. Rum was transported from northeastern North America to western Africa, and slaves were transported back. Wine from Madeira was transported to northeastern North America, and wine and fruits from Madeira were transported to Europe. Manufactured goods were transported to the western coast of Africa. Slaves and gold from western Africa were transported to the West Indies. The western coast of Africa was labeled ivory, gold, and slave coasts.

The Atlantic trade system shown in the map above was also known as:

the triangle trade

the plantation trade

the commodities trade

the circular trade

.

Photo shows the interior of the Voodoo museum with an altar and a shrine that has various symbolic items.

The picture above is of a Voodoo alter and shrine. Voodoo is considered a(n) ____________ religion.

animist

gnostic

archaic

syncretic

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