Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

The law of the church.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

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