Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

The law of the church.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

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