Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The law of the church.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

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