Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

All territories within France controlled directly by the king.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

The law of the church.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

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