The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.
A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.
Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.
The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.
The native, common spoken language of a particular region.
An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.
A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
All territories within France controlled directly by the king.
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