An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.
The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.
Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.
The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.
All territories within France controlled directly by the king.
A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.
The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
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