Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

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