Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

The law of the church.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

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