The native, common spoken language of a particular region.
A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.
Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.
The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.
The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.
All territories within France controlled directly by the king.
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