Chapter 27 Self-Assessment

. Two patterns characterize the evolution of imperialism-colonialism in the period of 1750-1900: the first pattern was _________by European countries.

. A system in which people from one country establish a more or less elaborate administrative system in a conquered overseas territory, accompanied by economic exploitation is referred to as _________.

. By 1750, the chief European rival competing against British commercial monopoly in India were the _________, who were aggressively building up both trade and political power in the southern part of peninsular India.

. For the British East India Company, the evolution of a shadow government in the area around Calcutta in Bengal on the northeast coast would be strategically advantageous in the wake of the collapse of Mughal central power as regional leaders could _________in securing British supremacy in the area.

. In 1757, the battle of _________effectively eliminated the French threat in the subcontinent and consolidated Great Britain's supremacy in India following the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.

. The aggressive style of economic aggrandizement set by the East India Company's leader, Robert Clive, has often been referred by Indian scholars as _________.

. Many of the Company men, inspired by Enlightenment ideals of cosmopolitanism, became great admirers of Indian culture and were fond of what was known as "going native," even to the point of occasionally wielding power as local magnates or _________, a term which later came to be generally used to define anyone who acquired a large fortune in India under British rule.

. What British policy softened the blow of conquest?

. During the period following the Napoleonic Wars, many of the Protestant missionaries involved in mission-based reform efforts in India used their skills in the fields of medicine, education and engineering to gain converts to their evangelical crusade to reform India along the same lines they envisioned for Britain, including all but one of the following reforms:

. In the aftermath of disillusionment caused by the wholesale change and reform instigated by British missionaries, the Great Rebellion of 1857, also known by the British as the Sepoy Mutiny and by the Indians as the _________, broke out among the East India Company's Sepoy troops and swiftly turned into a civil war as pro- and anti-British Indian forces clashed across Northern India.

. The period of direct British rule in India following the failure of the First War of Independence, or the Great Rebellion, is known as the British _________.

. At the onset of direct British rule, the British government conducted sweeping reforms to avoid a repeat of the events of 1857, among which were all but one of the following?

. In 1885, the Indian National Congress, the precursor of India's present Congress Party, was first convened with the ongoing mission of _________.

. Australia began its history under British control as a _________.

. Important early commercial interests in Australia included all but one of the following:

. Which of the following does not describe Australia's demographic and economic development in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

. In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution, making the country the second fully autonomous "dominion" after _________.

. The initial catalyst fueling the imperialist race by European powers in the first half of the nineteenth century had its origins in _________in the late eighteenth century designed to drive the Ottomans back into Asia and convert Istanbul into an Eastern Christian capital.

. After the failure in 1815 of Napoleon's imperial schemes in both Egypt and Europe, _________became the undisputed leading empire in the world and the chief European power intervening overseas to protect Ottoman interests.

. The international political system that dominated Europe from 1815 to 1914 and which advocated a balance of power among states is referred to as the _________, and it was aimed at preventing any renewed European imperialist goals of the kind Napoleon had pursued.

. The first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838, ushered in the rivalry for supremacy over Central Asia between the British and the Russian Empires, a period otherwise known as the _________.

. Unable to repay the enormous debt incurred from the French-led construction of the _________in 1869, a debt-collection effort which Britain had taken over from France, Egypt was ultimately occupied by a British expeditionary force in 1882.

. Which of the following nations was not an autonomous Ottoman province ruled by its own dynasty of beys or lords?

. The _________was the belief that European colonizers had a duty to extend the benefits of European civilization to "backward" peoples.

. European colonialism on the coast of West Africa after 1885 was an outgrowth of the traditional _________.

. _________was the staging ground for adventurers, explorers and missionaries in the nineteenth century to enter the East African interior.

. Heirs to the Portuguese spice trade, the _________were the world's undisputed naval power from 1650 to 1750.

. Following the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch pursued a colonial policy referred to as the _________in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) whereby native subsistence farmers were forced to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for 60 days on Dutch plantations.

. The Spanish built their first trade fort in the Philippines at_________, as a place from which to trade with China after conquering Mexico from the Aztecs.

. The Philippine Islands, named after _________, were claimed for Spain by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.

. The greatest spokesman for Filipino nationalism, a movement primarily led by Hispanicized Filipinos of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese descent, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was _________, whose subversive novels were a response to the Spanish justification of continued colonialism.

. The Spanish-American War in 1898 brought an end to over four centuries of Spanish colonialism in the Pacific, as Spain was defeated by the United States not only in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines but also in _________.

. French imperial and colonial involvement in Indochina began in 1858 under _________.

. The driving force behind Vietnam's early anti-foreign patriotism at the dawn of the twentieth century was _________.

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