Chapter 21 Self-Assessment

. Which of the following is the correct chronological order?

Founding of the Ming Dynasty; founding of the Qing Dynasty; establishment of Tokugawa Shogunate; Shimabara Rebellion.

Founding of the Qing Dynasty; establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate; founding of the Ming Dynasty; the Shimabara Rebellion.

The Shimabara Rebellion, the founding of the Tokugawa Shogunate; the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the founding of the Qing Dynasty.

Founding of the Ming Dynasty; founding the Tokugawa Shogunate; Shimabara Rebellion; founding of the Qing Dynasty.

. Which of the following is the proper chronological order?

Zheng He's nautical exploration, reign of the Kangxi emperor; Matteo Ricci reaches China; reign of the Qianlong emperor.

Reign of the Kangxi emperor; Zheng He's nautical explorations; reign of the Qianlong emperor; Matteo Ricci reaches China.

Zheng He's nautical explorations, Matteo Ricci reaches China, reign of the Kangxi Emperor; reign of the Qianlong emperor.

Matteo Ricci reaches China; rein of the Kangxi Emperor; Zheng He's nautical explorations, reign of the Qianlong emperor.

. The Tokugawa attempt to conquer China in the late sixteenth century was led by:

Oda Nobunaga

Chikamatsu Monzaemon

Hongwu

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

. During the period between the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, China's population was reduced from about 100 million to about 60 million by:

The Mongol invasion

Banditry, fighting, and lingering effects of the Black Death

Constant wars with the Japanese

Raids by Western European navies

. The addition of important new food crops was an important factor in Chinese population growth, resulting in populations of:

About 60 million in 1368 to 150 million in 1600, and about 300 million by 1800.

About 60 million in 1368 to 100 million in 1500, to about 200 million by 1800.

About 60 million in 1368 to 200 million in 1500, to about 250 million by 1800.

About 60 million in 1368 to 75 million in 1500, to about 400 million by 1800.

. Two leaders who led the Manchus to military might by the seventeenth century were:

Nurhachi and Abahai

Kongxi and Abahai

Nurhachi and Liadong

Abahai and Wu Sangui

. All of the following was true of the banner system EXCEPT:

The Chinese, as a conquered people, were not allowed to participate.

Developed for military and tax purposes.

Originally organized for mobile warriors.

The chief administrative tool of the Manchu leadership.

. There were ___ banner organizations:

5

10

37

8

. The Manchus who ruled China constituted about __% of the population:

5

2

10

15

. The "queue edict" mandated that:

Manchu females were forbidden to bind their feet.

Chinese men could continue wearing their hair in traditional styles, but could not be a part of the military banners if they did.

Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of shaving their entire heads.

Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of a shaved forehead with a long braid in back.

. For much of the 17th century ________ remained the primary task of the Manchu rulers.

pacification of the empire

conquest of the empire

conquest of Japan

creating a new, religious order

. The Manchu conceived of their state as the embodiment of :

all the peoples within it

Han Chinese dominance

Manchu dominance

a return to Mongol-style conquest

. The high point of the Qing dynasty was during the rule of

The Qianlong emperor

The Kangxi emperor

Matteo Ricci

Nurhachi

. The earliest Christian missionaries encountered by the Ming dynasty were:

The Jesuits and the Franciscans

The Jesuits and the Dominicans

The Franciscans and Dominicans

The Cistercians and the Franciscans

. All of the following are true about the "Rites Controversy" EXCEPT:

High officials in the Church considered the Jesuit liturgical and doctrinal adaptations to be a problem.

High officials in the Church disapproved of the Jesuits' use of tea and rice instead of wine and bread in the Chinese Christian Eucharist.

High officials in the Church disapproved of the Jesuits allowing Chinese Christians to continue their veneration of Confucius and maintenance of ancestral shrines.

High officials in the Church disapproved of the decrees of Kangxi and his successor Yongzheng that Chinese Christians must follow the Jesuit orthodoxy.

. In the Canton trade (the commercial trade between Europe and Asia), all of the following are true EXCEPT:

The Qing dynasty incorporated the European merchants into the diplomatic system during the seventeenth century.

The British East India Company used its base at Calcutta to try to expand its operations in China.

The Qing dynasty tried to permit European trade only in the port of Guangzhou (known as Canton by Europeans).

The Qing were concerned that foreign traders were working with Ming loyalists against their rule.

. In the context of European trade with Asia, a "factory" is:

The place where Asian goods are manufactured for the European markets.

The diplomatic quarters in Beijing, called "factory" because they were headed up by a "factor."

The place where merchants, local agents, and other interested parties gathered to conduct business.

The place European merchants brought their wives and other family members to stay during the trading seasons.

. All of the following are true of the "Single Whip" system EXCEPT:

All families were placed into officially designated villages for tax purposes.

About 110 households comprised the villages.

The baojia system required families to register all members.

Each village was responsible directly to the Emperor or his Court designee, thus eliminating potentially dangerous rural aristocracies from developing.

. Most of our information about the lives of Chinese peasants comes from all of the following sources EXCEPT:

Diaries and family histories kept by peasant leaders.

Literary sources compiled by the scholar-gentry.

Chronicles produced by Westerners traveling in China.

Local histories and gazetteers.

. The education of elite womenâŠ

Focused on cooking, cleaning, and rearing children.

Focused on training in sexual protocol.

Included training in Confucian decorum, writing essays, and reciting poetry.

Was intended to prepare them to assist their mothers-in-law in managing a household.

. In regard to military might and technology, the Ming have been characterized in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A military superpower.

Possessing technologically capable of producing thousands of cannon and handguns each year.

Reliant on diplomacy and negotiations in the best Confucian tradition.

On their way to developing a powerful navy.

. Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, three powerful emperors of the Qing (a foreign, Manchu dynasty), strove to validate their reigns by all of the following EXCEPT:

Supporting creative artists and poets even when they were unorthodox.

Being patrons of the arts.

Setting the tone in aesthetic matters.

Initiating mammoth cultural projects.

. All of the following is true of the Donglin Academy EXCEPT:

It was founded by philosophers who concluded that the Ming collapsed in part because of its retreat from practical politics.

It was devoted to reconstituting an activist Confucianism.

The scholars of the Academy avoiding arguing with the Court about any matters, believing a stable, self-assured government was the strongest.

It inspired the "Han Learning Movement," which sought to recover the original classic Confucianism.

. The "Three Excellences" were:

Poetry, painting, and calligraphy.

Confucian essays, painting, and calligraphy.

Garden landscaping, calligraphy, and poetry.

Classical Chinese opera, classical dance, and poetry.

. The Japanese daimyo were:

A class of high-level bureaucrats.

Another term for the samurai.

Regional warlords.

The codes of honor that governed the behavior of samurai.

. After growing disillusioned with Marxism, Italy's Benito Mussolini founded the "Italian Combat Squads," also known as the "Blackshirts," thus giving rise to the ideology of _________.

Surrealism

Fascism

Communism

Socialism

. In 1924, "Il Duce," as Mussolini styled himself, began implementing his idea of a _________, in which all sectors of society contribute in a systematic, orderly and hierarchical fashion to the health of the state.

communist state

police state

client state

corporate state

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