Chapter 19 Self-Assessment

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. ___________ was an African empire during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries:

Benin correct incorrect

Ethiopia correct incorrect

Kanem-Bornu correct incorrect

Songhay correct incorrect

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. The following order is correct:

Proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil. correct incorrect

First African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil. correct incorrect

First African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina. correct incorrect

First African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola. correct incorrect

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. Some Catholic monks in the kingdom of Kongo denounced ngangas as:

Immoral women such as prostitutes. correct incorrect

Wives who refused to take care of their children. correct incorrect

Witches. correct incorrect

Men who left their families in order to seek their fortunes elsewhere. correct incorrect

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. In the opening vignette of the chapter, Dona Beatriz is portrayed as all of the following EXCEPT:

A deeply religious woman who believed that she was the reincarnation of St. Anthony of Padua. correct incorrect

A committed pacifist, determined to prevent violence at any cost. correct incorrect

God's providential agent sent to restore the Catholic faith. correct incorrect

A critic of the Catholic faith in the efficacy of the sacraments. correct incorrect

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. The long-range impact of a Muslim invasion of northern Sub-Saharan Africa in the sixteenth century:

Strengthened the drive toward centralization in the area as societies organized for war. correct incorrect

Brought empire-building in the northern Sub-Saharan African societies to a halt. correct incorrect

Caused the societies in the savanna region of Central Africa to scatter and decentralize. correct incorrect

Put most of Africa under Sharia law. correct incorrect

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. All of the following are true of Songhay EXCEPT:

It was initially a tributary state of Mali. correct incorrect

It was centered on the city of Gao, on the Niger River. correct incorrect

They amassed the wealth to embark on a drive of military conquest by raiding caravans and other trade missions. correct incorrect

In the time of Mali's greatest power, the Songhay were an ethnic group of herders, villagers, and fishermen. correct incorrect

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. The Hausa kingdoms:

Were located in the far south, near the Horn of Africa. correct incorrect

"Hausa" were named for the three kingdoms that formed around 1500. correct incorrect

Formed at the height of the Mali-dominated trans-Saharan trade. correct incorrect

Successfully prevented the spread of Islamic religious beliefs into their territories. correct incorrect

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. In South Central Africa (on the southern side of the rainforest, the eastern part of the southern savanna, and the Great Lakes area of Central Africa):

Muslim influence arrived early in the fifth century. correct incorrect

Protected by their remote location, societies tended to grow in population. correct incorrect

Increases in population led them to participate in the European slave trade by the sixteenth century. correct incorrect

Because of their remote location, there was never a need to develop political organization, such as chiefdoms. correct incorrect

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. After 1434, the following discovery accelerated European contacts with the African west coast:

The adverse currents and prevailing winds along the west coast of Africa that impeded the return journey were overcome by sailing across the Atlantic to the Americas, thence to Europe in what is now known as the triangle trade. correct incorrect

The adverse currents and prevailing winds along the west coast of Africa that impeded the return journey were overcome by sailing toward the Atlantic islands such as the Canaries, Madeira, and Azores. correct incorrect

The new merchant ships were equipped for both rowing and sailing, using slaves being transported for sale as rowers, keeping them fit as well as expediting the journey. correct incorrect

The Portuguese learned new navigation techniques that allowed them to round the southern tip of Africa and sail across the Indian Ocean. correct incorrect

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. All of the following were true of Ethiopia in the 15th and 16th centuries EXCEPT:

The Ethiopian economy was based on plow-based agriculture, with the king controlling a trade in gold, ivory, animal skins and slaves. correct incorrect

By the early 16th century, Ethiopians were contending for a port on the Red Sea with the Muslim sultanate of Adal. correct incorrect

The Portuguese aided Ethiopia in its war with Adal. correct incorrect

The Ottoman Empire at first aided Adal, but eventually retreated when faced by Ethiopian determination and Portuguese military might. correct incorrect

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. All of the following statements are true of the Portuguese interaction or contacts in West Africa EXCEPT:

African agriculturalists became much more productive after adopting Portuguese iron plow shears. correct incorrect

By the 1440s, Portuguese mariners raided the West African coast for slaves. correct incorrect

In early skirmishes with Africans, the precisely aimed poisoned arrows of the Africans were more effective than the Portuguese muskets. correct incorrect

The Portuguese gained rights to trade and build posts through treaties with local African leaders. correct incorrect

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. Trade between Europeans and Africans during the period 1500 to 1800:

Was largely motivated by food shortages during the cold period known as "the little ice age", and was generally comprised of wheat, rice, or other grains necessary to sustain life. correct incorrect

Was generally an exchange of luxury goods rather than basic necessities, geared toward enhancing elite power through a display of conspicuous consumption. correct incorrect

Almost always included quantities of alcoholic beverages to entice Africans to enter into trade with Europeans. correct incorrect

Primarily involved the exportation of slaves during the first two centuries. correct incorrect

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. All of the following is true of the trade between Portuguese mariners and the kingdom of Benin EXCEPT:

The king of Benin allowed the Portuguese to build a fort on the coast in 1487. correct incorrect

At first the trade consisted of an exchange of palm oil, ivory, woolens, beads, pepper and slaves in exchange for European guns, powder, metalware, salt, and cottons. correct incorrect

When a later king ordered the halt of the slave trade, the Portuguese agreed, and turned to European sources of labor. correct incorrect

The admission of missionaries and Portuguese envoys allowed members of the royal court to learn about Portuguese culture. correct incorrect

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. All of the following are true of the Dutch in Africa EXCEPT:

A few wealthy landowners imported the first black slaves to the colony in 1658. correct incorrect

The built a fort on the South African coast in 1652. correct incorrect

The first settlers were craftsmen and traders, but by 1750 there were about 10,000 Dutch farmers in the Cape Colony. correct incorrect

A Dutch settler society gradually emerged, particularly when they offered a haven to English Catholics seeking refuge. correct incorrect

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. All of the following are true of the system of slavery in the Americas EXCEPT:

An estimated 12 percent died in transit. correct incorrect

There is no general agreement as to the exact number of Africans brought to the Americas as slaves, but it is estimated that around 12.5 million were shipped from Africa. correct incorrect

The greatest number of slaves was shipped to Brazil. correct incorrect

The greatest number of slaves was imported into the southern part of the United States. correct incorrect

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. The United States Supreme Court "Dred Scott Decision" ruled:

That African slaves had human rights that must be respected, such as the right to adequate nutrition and a safe place to sleep. correct incorrect

That black African slaves "had no rights which a white man was bound to respect". correct incorrect

That children born to a slave and a free person took the same status as the higher status parent. correct incorrect

That enslavement could last only a maximum of three generations. correct incorrect

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. "Presentism" is

The belief that we can judge the past through an analysis of the long-term impact of the decisions and actions of past societies. correct incorrect

A belief that modern humans can only learn from the past by looking at it through the lens of modern knowledge. correct incorrect

A bias toward present-day attitudes as we interpret history. correct incorrect

The belief that the events of the past inevitably led to today's reality. correct incorrect

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. All of the following are true of the Americas soon after the Spanish arrived EXCEPT:

The population of Tainos and Caribs all but disappeared. correct incorrect

As many Europeans died from American diseases as Americans from European diseases. correct incorrect

Smallpox epidemics ravaged the Native peoples. correct incorrect

African slaves were imported to supplement the labor force. correct incorrect

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. The average life span of a sugar plantation slave is estimated to have been:

Five or six years. correct incorrect

Until age 50 for males; slightly longer for females. correct incorrect

Until age 27 or so. correct incorrect

Twelve to fifteen years. correct incorrect

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. "Mercantilism" is a political/economic theory that holds that:

Merchants enrich their society, and should therefore occupy political leadership positions. correct incorrect

A thriving import business is vital to national interests. correct incorrect

Nations are weakened by excessive export. correct incorrect

The security of a nation depends on the supply of precious metals it controls. correct incorrect

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. All of the following is true of indentured laborers EXCEPT:

English planters in Barbados imported English and Irish indentured laborers for tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger production. correct incorrect

After English and Irish workers became unwilling to migrate as indentured laborers, law courts sentenced those accused of crimes to "transportation" to serve as indentured labor. correct incorrect

Many poor English and Irish people were tricked or kidnapped into being "transported" for that purpose. correct incorrect

Indenture was abandoned because African slaves quickly proved a better source of labor. correct incorrect

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. The first slaves sold in the English colonies of North America were:

Captured as a part of the cargo of a Portuguese ship en route to Vera Cruz, Mexico. correct incorrect

Brought to New York as tobacco plantation workers. correct incorrect

Sold with the justification that their souls would be saved after their owners led them to Christianity. correct incorrect

Sold by a Spanish privateer as the spoils of war with the French. correct incorrect

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. All of the following is true of the Carolina colony EXCEPT:

It began under the authority of the Lords Proprietors in Barbados. correct incorrect

It was intended as a place to transport religious dissenters as well as a bulwark against the Spanish in Florida. correct incorrect

The settlers there realized very quickly that Native Americans were not a viable source of slaves. correct incorrect

It was a source for vital supplies necessary for building ships. correct incorrect

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. All of the following were important economically in the Carolinas EXCEPT:

Sugar cane and molasses correct incorrect

Rice correct incorrect

Indigo correct incorrect

Woven cotton cloth. correct incorrect

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. The only founder of an English colony in North America who lived to see it become part of the United States was:

James Oglethorpe correct incorrect

Martin Lewis correct incorrect

Thomas Jefferson correct incorrect

William Penn correct incorrect

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. One of the ports that benefited most from the slave trade was:

Barbados, where slaves were exchanged for molasses correct incorrect

Williamsburg, where molasses was processed into rum. correct incorrect

Liverpool, where manufactured goods, such as guns, knives, textiles, and other wares would sail to Africa where the goods would be exchanged for slaves. correct incorrect

Capetown, from whence most slaves were exported. correct incorrect

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. "Creole" cultures emerge:

When two or more distinct cultures exist in proximity and absorb influences from each other. correct incorrect

Generally only when societies are militarily defeated by a stronger society and have the customs of the conqueror forced upon them. correct incorrect

When indigenous religions are eradicated. correct incorrect

Generally only when subordinate people imitate the manners and language of dominant societies. correct incorrect

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. Between the years 1492 and 1888:

More than 250 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean. correct incorrect

Fewer than 200 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean correct incorrect

More than 2000 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean. correct incorrect

There were about 26 slave revolts in the Americas and Caribbean. correct incorrect