Chapter 17 Self-Assessment

. The following sequence of events is correct:

1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 3) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 4) First steam engine.

1) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 2) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine.

1) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 2) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 3) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 4) First steam engine.

1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine.

. The following sequence of events is correct:

1) Thirty Years' War; 2) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 3) "Glorious Revolution" in England; 4) French War of Religion.

1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England.

1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) Thirty Years' War; 3) French War of Religion; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England.

1) "Glorious Revolution" in England; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) Beginning of Luther's Reformation.

. All of the following are true of Maria Cunitz, one of the most remarkable scientific thinkers of the seventeenth century, EXCEPT:

She spoke six languages.

She was a Protestant whose family was given refuge in a Catholic monastery.

She was a nun who lived and studied among the Cistercian monks.

Two of her major influences were her father, a physician, and Johannes Kepler.

. All of the following are true of the development of "New Science" and the Enlightenment EXCEPT:

They involved England, France, the Netherlands, and parts of Germany.

During the period 1500-1750, the impact was limited to a small percentage of the population of each involved society.

The acceptance of the ideas was complicated by the impact of the religious Reformation.

From 1450 until after 1750, the ideas of the Enlightenment and New Science were the major force shaping policies of the rulers of Western Europe.

. In 1750, the most highly populated countries in Europe were:

England and France.

Poland and Russia.

Spain and Italy.

France and Russia.

. By 1750, the armies in larger European countries were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

They had begun wearing uniforms.

Most forward troops were equipped with bayonet-equipped flintlock muskets.

The pikemen were still the most effective protection for musketeers.

The size of the armies was growing rapidly in states where they could be supported.

. All of the problems below began disturbing Roman Catholic laypeople and some clergy from the later 15th century onward, EXCEPT:

The Church's high taxation of peasants.

The entanglement of upper clergy and the papacy with the centralizing rulers.

The ambitious and opulent artistic programs undertaken by popes and cardinals.

The use of the sale of indulgences to raise money.

. All of the following statements are true of Martin Luther EXCEPT:

He was an Augustinian monk, an ordained priest, and a professor of the New Testament in northeastern Germany.

He had a strong sense of sin, confessing daily and performing extensive penance.

He wrote a letter to his archbishop itemizing practices he considered contrary to scripture.

His written communications to Church officials were usually in vernacular German.

. The following statement is true of John Calvin:

He believed that all money lending should be banned, as it was contrary to the Bible.

He believed that all humans were predestined for heaven or hell before their birth.

He believed that a person's behavior was between himself and God alone, and that civic authorities should not intervene unless other people were being harmed or led into sin.

Although he was Swiss by birth, his primary goal was to proselytize in France and Germany.

. All of the following are true of Calvinism in France EXCEPT:

There were about 1200 congregations by the mid sixteenth century.

Most Calvinist congregations were located in the western French cities.

Peasants, overtaxed and oppressed, made up the largest segment of French Protestants.

Calvinism was particularly attractive to literate merchants and craftsmen.

. The English Civil War (1642-1651) resulted in:

The separation of church and state in England.

A short-lived theocracy.

The restoration of the Plantagenet dynasty.

Permanent fiscal power vested in Parliament.

. All of the following were the result of the Peace of Westphalia EXCEPT:

The Protestants gained considerable territory in northern Germany.

The southern side of the Baltic Sea was ceded to Sweden.

Territory in Alsace was ceded to France.

It failed to end the war between France and Spain.

. The ruler with the longest reign in France was:

Henry IV.

Louis XIII.

Louis XIV.

Charles IX.

. "Intendants" were:

Judges sent by the French crown to assure that provincial courts were operating in the best interest of the peasants.

Representatives of the French crown who kept an eye on provincial office holders.

Members of the French nobility who attended the King and his Queen at Court.

Judiciary members who served as provincial judges.

. All of the following is true of Peter the Great of Russia EXCEPT:

He was interested in importing skills from Western Europe.

He decreed that soldiers should shave their traditional beards and wear European uniforms.

He was determined to building Russia's fleet in the Baltic Sea.

He often rewarded western technical experts by giving them estates and serfs in the Balkans.

. England differed from other states of Europe (such as Prussia, France, Spain, and Austria, for instance) in all of the following EXCEPT:

After 1688, the English Parliament controlled state finances.

The interests of the nobility and the urban merchants converged.

The ruling classes of the cities and the landed aristocracy were not generally perceived as being in conflict.

Parliament had no interest in creating or maintaining a centralized bank, believing that it would exert too powerful an influence on laissez faire economics.

. All of the following is true of the period called "The Renaissance," EXCEPT:

There was wide dissemination of translations of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman intellectuals whose work had not been previously known in Western Europe.

Byzantine, or Eastern Orthodox, Christianity became more influential in Western Europe, weakening the Roman papacy and leaving it vulnerable to Protestant incursions.

The European intellectuals and artists of the period saw themselves as having broken away from the scholasticism of the Middle Ages.

Renaissance artists were strongly influenced by Greek and Hellenistic-Roman culture.

. All of the following are true of Galileo Galilei, EXCEPT:

He was able to bring geometry, algebra, and Archimedean physics together.

Using mathematics, he was able to prove that Archimedes was wrong in his theory of falling bodies.

A first-rate astronomer, he was one of the first to use a telescope.

He was condemned to house arrest and (at least publicly) repudiated heliocentrism.

. The "Newtonian synthesis" was:

A fusion of the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and theology.

A reconciliation of Biblical references and scientific observation.

An amalgamation of Descartes's system of coordinates and Leibniz's calculus.

A unification of the fields of physics and astronomy.

. All of the following is true of the technology used in developing scientific instruments EXCEPT:

It produced improvements in such instruments as telescopes, microscopes, thermometers and barometers, all of which had practical applications.

It established a hierarchy of production, with engineers at the top and theoretical scientists a bit below.

It inspired an exchange of knowledge between engineers and scientists.

It inspired craftsmanship and experimentation that ultimately led to such innovations as the steam engine.

. All of the following persons and/or institutions determinedly worked to popularize science EXCEPT:

The Royal Society of London and the Paris Academy of Sciences.

Protestant churches and Sunday schools.

Textbook authors and itinerant lecturers.

Coffeehouses and salons.

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