Chapter 11 Self-Assessment

. The following order of events is correct:

Gregory I's papacy; Reign of Charlemagne; Crusades to the Holy Land; Black Death.

Crusades to the Holy Land; Black Death; Gregory I's papacy; Reign of Charlemagne.

Reign of Charlemagne; Crusades to the Holy Land; Black Death; Gregory I's papacy.

Black Death; Reign of Charlemagne; Crusades to the Holy Land; Gregory I's papacy.

. The following order of events is correct:

Magna Carta, England; St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica; Foundation charter of the University of Paris; Council of Constance.

St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica; Foundation charter of the University of Paris; Council of Constance; Magna Carta, England.

Foundation charter of the University of Paris; Magna Carta, England; St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica; Council of Constance.

Council of Constance; Magna Carta, England; St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica; Foundation charter of the University of Paris.

. Pope Gregory I did all of the following EXCEPT:

He sent a group of monks to Britain to aggressively promote the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.

He recalled St. Boniface to Rome for his failure to convert the Irish.

He encouraged the conversion of the German kings to Christianity.

His actions contributed to the increasing independence of Latin Christendom from the Eastern Church at Constantinople.

. The founder of the Merovingian dynasty was:

Otto I

Clovis

Charlemagne

Charles Martel

. All of the following is true of the Benedictine monasteries EXCEPT:

Their model was established by St. Benedict.

The guidelines govern such matters as the times for rising, praying, eating, and retiring.

They were supported by offerings from the peasants around them in exchange for their prayers for a bountiful harvest.

They established a hierarchy, overseen by an abbot and regulated by a series of "offices."

. Pope Gregory I is credited with all of the following EXCEPT:

Making the papacy powerful in Western Europe.

Dispensing with papal armies and military retainers.

Laying the foundation for the Papal States in Italy.

Allying with Frankish kings in order to strengthen both the Church and the developing Frankish kingdom.

. Which of the below correctly identifies the "liberal arts" as taught in the monasteries?

Reading, Latin, arithmetic, chemistry, engineering, music, and astrology.

Grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.

Calligraphy, philosophy, mathematics, geology, geometry, music, and astrology.

Aristotelian philosophy, arithmetic, solid geometry, architecture, algebra, literature, and music.

. Charlemagne was grandson of Charles Martel, who stopped the Muslim armies at Tours. In his general policies and political preferences, all of the following are valid EXCEPT:

He represented the first full synthesis of Roman, Germanic, and Christian cultural elements.

He forged a distinctive Western cultural identity and raised its status.

He was able to severely limit the Church's influence so they could not pull political power from him.

His imperial status was recognized by the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, Harun al-Rashid.

. Charlemagne's empire did not long survive his death for all of the following EXCEPT:

It was plagued with external wars and internal strife.

The Pope withdrew his support for the resulting kingdoms and principalities as punishment for disobedience.

Charlemagne's eldest son, Louis the Pious, divided the empire among his three sons, reducing the strength of each.

The Norsemen began marauding the coastlines and navigable rivers, the Magyar horsemen terrorized East Frankland, and the French coast of the Mediterranean was vulnerable to Muslim pirates.

. The following statements are true of feudalism EXCEPT:

While the term describes a practice or groups of similar practices, it has no underlying philosophy which would allow it to be considered a true "system."

It is generally based on an expressed or implied agreement between those who govern and those who serve.

Its hierarchal structure set Europe on the path toward well-organized kingdoms, headed by a monarch, supported by aristocrats who governed peasants.

Feudal organization was more frequent and commonplace in southern Europe than in France or Germany.

. During the period between the ninth century and the year 1300:

There was a period of chaos, out of which grew a new model of well-run, centralized governments.

A series of strong men tried to consolidate power in specific areas, but they were never successful.

Germany and Italy were able to consolidate power and develop strong central governments.

France and England each tried to consolidate power in their respective realms, but were not able to do so until much later.

. Representative assemblies developed in two areas:

The Estates-General established in France under Louis IX and the Parliament established in England under Richard III.

The Estates-General established in France by Philip IV and the Parliament established in England during the reign of John.

The Parliament established in 11th-century Hungary and the General Estates in 14th-century Germany.

Congresses developed in England and France after the example of the American Continental Congress.

. All of the following contributed to a more advantageous economic atmosphere in Europe after 1000 EXCEPT:

An increasing population, based on improvements in the European diet.

An increasing demand for consumer goods.

A greater supply of trade items that were in high demand across Asia.

More efficient watermills.

. All of the following contributed to cross-Mediterranean trade and commerce EXCEPT:

Innovations suggested by observation of Islamic and Byzantine merchants.

Improvements in astrological tables.

Stern-mounted rudders, in use as early as 1180.

The lateen sail, adapted from those used by Muslim sailors.

. Some of the changes of the eleventh and twelfth centuries included:

The abandonment of urban life, in reaction to the Black Death.

The growth of barter as a means of exchange.

The appearance of merchants and artisans as a new social class.

The strengthening of the feudal economy, as the use of coinage diminished.

. All of the following were true of medieval Jews EXCEPT:

They sometimes served as diplomats or bankers.

They lived in integrated neighborhoods among non-Jews in most European cities.

As a group, they developed a wide knowledge of geography and languages.

Violence against them increased steadily between 1096 and the early 1400s.

. The need for reform of the Western Church during the period 1000 to 1300 seems to have arisen:

From the nobility exercising too much control over the appointment of priests.

Primarily in urban parishes at first.

Largely from the commercialization of monasteries.

From a long period of decentralization and decline of learning.

. The "investiture controversy" was:

A petition condemning the luxurious living conditions of bishops and cardinals.

A power struggle between popes and emperors.

A disagreement about the rule of clerical celibacy.

A treatise vesting the pope with the right to excommunicate kings.

. The following issues can be considered a part of the inspiration for the Crusades EXCEPT:

A new wave of Christian enthusiasm sweeping across Europe.

An attempt to protect European trade routes to southeastern Asia.

A perception that Muslim control was vulnerable because of squabbling between factions.

A drive to reconquer lands that had been lost to Muslim armies in the eighth century.

. The "Crusade of the Three Kings" was led by:

Bernard I of Clairvaux, King Louis IX of France, and Gustav VI of Norway.

Frederick I of Germany, Philip II of France, and Richard I of England.

Holy Roman Emperor William I, Louis V of France, and George II of England.

Philip II of France, George II of England, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.

. The Fourth Crusade is notable because:

The knights wanted to ride the land route and avoid all sea travel.

It consisted primarily of Spanish and English knights.

Prince William IV, who led the crusade, became ill and died before they left Europe, and the leaderless army wandered into Russia.

The crusaders attacked another Christian city, so angering the pope that he excommunicated the entire army.

. Scholasticism was:

A drive to encourage young aristocrats to attend universities, such as the University of Paris.

A field of study that focused on astrophysics, philosophy, and Christian theology.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

A technique of learning derived from application of the Socratic dialectic.

. St. Thomas Aquinas:

Argued, in his Summa Theologica, that it was possible to compromise between or to synthesize faith and reason.

Believed that human reason was too imperfect to understand evidence of God's existence.

Believed that Aristotle, a pagan, could add nothing to human understanding of the divine will.

Was captured and castrated by the uncle and other relatives of a young woman with whom he had become involved.

. Problems faced by fourteenth-century Europeans included all of the following EXCEPT:

Muslim invasions.

Dramatic climate change.

The Black Death.

A shortage of arable land, leading to famine.

. All of the following are true of the Hundred Years' War EXCEPT:

It lasted (with a few breaks) from 1337-1453, spanning a period of roughly 116 years.

In one phase, a young peasant girl led the French to an astonishing victory.

Since it was fought primarily on French soil, it caused no harm to the English.

It contributed to religious, economic, and political instability across Western Europe.

. All of the following innovations contributed to the revitalization of European economy during the fifteenth century EXCEPT:

Smaller markets, bringing about increased competition among merchants.

New accounting techniques such as double-entry bookkeeping.

The introduction of insurance for maritime ventures.

An increased demand in India and Asia for European manufactures.

. All of the following are indications of new intellectual trends from the eleventh century through the fourteenth century, EXCEPT:

Leadership of the Church was increasingly taken on by councils of bishops.

Abandonment of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle in favor of a literal interpretation of scripture.

Challenges to Church dogma such as those by John Wycliffe and John Huss.

Increasing literary expression in the vernacular (language of the people, such as Italian or French) instead of Latin.

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