Chapter 10 Self-Assessment

. The entirety of the Islamic moral and legal code, completed by the mid-900s, is known as the________.

. The first signs of a religious orientation within the Arab Empire occurred during the reign of ___________, the third Umayyad ruler.

. _______ is the paradigmatic "path" of Muhammad's traditions which, if trodden by believers, will lead to salvation.

. Which of the following is not one of the five religious duties which identify a Muslim?

. _________is a minority faith among Muslims, making up about 10% of the total, although they are in the majority in contemporary Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon.

. The traditions and biography of Muhammad were first gathered together ___ years after his lifetime

. The Eastern Roman Empire would ultimately survive under the name of____________.

. ____________ is defined as the removal and destruction of all religious images from churches and monasteries.

. In eighth-century Iran, local Persian military lords and Arab settlers revolted, expecting a "rightly guided" leader or _______to arrive and establish a realm of justice on earth.

. Between 1096 and 1099, European Crusaders returned Nicaea to Byzantium and captured_________.

. _________ was the Kurdish-descended successor of the Fatimids in Egypt nearly ended the Crusader Kingdom in 1187.

. Turkish military slaves from the Russian steppes and dominant in the armies of Saladin's successors, the ____________established their own regime in agriculturally rich Egypt from 1250 to 1517.

. After the __________were pushed back to Iraq and Iran and converted to Islam, the Mamluks were able to terminate the Crusader Kingdom in 1291 with the conquest of Acre.

. At the top of the Mamluk state was the______, who controlled the annual purchases of slaves and commanded the largest cavalry regiment.

. Pronoia was a Byzantine system of__________, wherein a private individual collected taxes and rents from the population.

. Scholars surmise that the _____________________set off the spread of the Black Death in the mid-fourteenth century.

. _________is a mystical and meditative devotion to faith, expressed in the form of prayer, ecstasy, chanting, or dancing.

. Which of the following statements is false?

. The ___________is the best preserved example of an Islamic palace in the world.

. In contrast to western art, both Byzantine Christians and Muslims retained the ________ for rulers, even applying it to ordinary humans.

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