Chapter 07 Self-Assessment

. According to one common interpretation, the underlying cause of the quarrel between Alexander the Great and one of his leading commanders, Cleitus, was that:

The two men were vying for the attentions of the same woman.

Cleitus had implied that Alexander was becoming Persian in his approach to ruling rather than carrying on the Macedonian/Greek traditions.

Cleitus was afraid that Alexander was becoming as violent and corrupt as his father, Philip II, had been.

Cleitus was trying to gather support to topple Alexander and seize royal power himself.

. All of the following were true of the Persians EXCEPT:

They originated as agrarian villagers and nomadic herders during the Bronze Age.

They had limited success in their efforts to move southward until they reached Mesopotamia, where they learned horse breeding.

The earliest homeland we can identify was in Central Asia south of the Ural Mountains.

By the middle of the second millennium BCE, they had reached the Aral Sea region.

. Foot soldiers in Greek armies were called:

Satraps

Helots

Argives

Hoplites

. Cyrus the Great, the first Achaemenid Emperor, describes himself as

The servant of the people

The representative of Marduk on earth.

The founder of Zoroastrianism.

The first among equals.

. Provincial governors appointed by the Persian king were called:

Shahinshahs

Satraps

Pukhru

Nadirs

. The administrative language of the Achaemenid Empire was:

Farsi

Aramaic

Hebrew

Elamite

. All of the following made it easier for the Achaemenid Empire to expand, EXCEPT:

A chain of police and army posts.

A series of roadways connecting Persia with other parts of its empire.

Scribes who could communicate in a common language.

A requirement that all taxes be paid in officially minted coins.

. The Greek city-states:

Were all affiliated with either Sparta or Athens, the two most powerful Greek cities.

Were all governed democratically.

Were engaged in multiple rivalries, making it easier for the Persian Empire to expand.

Were united into a single nation-state by 500 BCE.

. All of the following constituted bonds between Greek cities EXCEPT:

A common religious and literary culture.

A common system of coinage.

Participation in activities such as the Olympic Games.

Patronage of oracles affiliated with temples in neutral zones.

. Constitutional reformers in Athens:

Were inspired by the writings of Socrates.

Included Solon and Cleisthenes.

Abolished slavery.

Instituted common ownership of agricultural lands.

. All of the following were true of Sparta EXCEPT:

Little boys were taken from home at age seven and entered military camps.

Married soldiers were expected to leave their families at home and report for duty with one hour's notice.

Women were expected to be fully indoctrinated in the Spartan military ethic.

Sparta's economic system was based on slave labor.

. The Greek city-states were targets of Persian imperialism largely because:

They blocked Persian access to the Mediterranean Sea.

They seemed to be lacking in the maritime skill necessary to defend against a water-based invasion.

Athens's support of rebels in Anatolia attracted Persian attention.

Persians feared the military expertise of Spartan armies.

. Immediately after repelling the Persian armies, the Greek city-states:

Launched an invasion of the Persian empire.

Were divided by rivalries and resentments between Sparta and Athens.

Were threatened by a strong navy built by Sparta with Persian assistance.

Decided to put aside their rivalries and form a permanent alliance.

. All of the following were true of Macedonia EXCEPT:

The people of the Greek city-states considered them to be barbarians.

They had not developed a strong urban culture.

They did not have the sophistication to develop a strong military presence.

They spoke a dialect of Greek that was difficult for other Greeks to understand.

. The war between Macedonia and Persia began because:

Philip declared war on Persia in revenge for an act by Persia 150 years earlier.

Alexander the Great was a military genius and realized he could enrich Macedonia at the Persians' expense.

The Macedonians were in a state of famine and launched an invasion in the attempt to acquire good agricultural lands.

There was wide suspicion that Alexander had murdered his father, and Alexander realized that he would not be tried for the crime during a time of war.

. The long-range implications of Alexander's conquests included all of the below EXCEPT:

The spread of Greek culture into central Asia and India.

The migration of about a million Greeks to the areas that comprised the empire.

Long-lasting, stable political systems across the region.

The institution of successor states in Egypt and Southwest Asia.

. The Persian state that re-formed about a century after Alexander's death was:

Parthia

Bactria

Ptolemaic Egypt

Attalid Asia Minor

. The state of Parthia became a major power in the second century BCE for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

The Seleucids were distracted by conflicts on their western front with Ptolemaic Egypt.

The Parthians recognized Seleucid overlordship while also expanding their power.

The Wudi emperor of China threatened to attack the Seleucid territory of Bactria.

The Seleucids were reduced to a small rump kingdom after the Parthian conquest of Iran and Mesopotamia.

. Romans began unifying the Italian peninsula under their control:

In the fourth century BCE.

About 2000 BCE.

Around the early eighth century BCE.

Immediately after the Etruscans had migrated into the area.

. The wealth of the Roman aristocracy was based on:

land ownership.

trade.

ownership of financial institutions.

slavery.

. The Roman Peace on the borders was rarely disrupted during the first two centuries following Augustus, but problems did occur:

Primarily on the northern border, where the kingdom of Meroë was in the ascendancy.

Primarily on the eastern border, where it was adjacent to Parthia.

Mainly along the southern border, where Arabian nomads were pressing.

Largely on the western border, where Viking ships were making raids on the British Isles and Iberian Peninsula.

. All of the following is true of the Christian population of Rome at the beginning of Constantine's rule EXCEPT:

It constituted about 10 percent of the empire's total inhabitants, making it large enough to be a valuable source of support.

It existed primarily in hiding.

Its religious beliefs had been evolving for nearly three centuries.

It lacked a common doctrinal platform, in the form of a "creed".

. From the spread of bubonic plague between Africa, Asia, and Europe during the mid-sixth century of the common era, scholars have deduced all of the following EXCEPT:

The existence of active trade routes.

Evidence of changes in weather.

Worldwide patterns of disease outbreaks.

Populations recovered from devastating plagues very quickly, generally within 40 years or less.

. The Avesta was:

A holy text among the Zoroastrians.

A body of liturgical texts used by the magi.

Originally an oral text that was passed down by a priestly class.

All of the above.

. The three main Christian denominations that emerged by 600 CE included all EXCEPT the following:

The Orthodox Catholic Church.

The Egyptian Coptic Church.

The Protestant Lutheran Church.

The Eastern Syriac Church.

. The Library of Alexandria:

Was devoted primarily to research in the pure and natural sciences.

Was patronized by the Antigonids.

Was established by Aristotle, in order to facilitate his tutoring of Alexander.

Contained no religious literature.

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