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Return to Patterns of World History 3e Dashboard Resources
Chapter 18 Self-Assessment
Quiz Content
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1.The Spaniards' primary justification for their conquest of the New World was:
Christ's command to covert the heathen populations in the newly discovered lands
correct
incorrect
the search for mineral wealth
correct
incorrect
territorial expansion
correct
incorrect
scientific exploration
correct
incorrect
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas?
The European disease of smallpox ravaged the native population, vastly reducing the native labor force.
correct
incorrect
The Spaniards succeeded in exploiting internal weaknesses in the natives' power structure.
correct
incorrect
The Spaniards significantly outnumbered the native population.
correct
incorrect
A three-tiered society developed made up of European immigrants, Native Americans and Black slaves imported from Africa.
correct
incorrect
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The Spaniards established land-labor grants or _________entitling the land grantee the use of forced indigenous or imported slave labor on this land for the purpose of exploiting its agricultural and mineral resources.
aduanas
correct
incorrect
encomiendas
correct
incorrect
cabildos
correct
incorrect
audiencias
correct
incorrect
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_________was the best-known advocate against the cruelty of the land-labor grant system.
Hernán Cortés
correct
incorrect
Christopher Columbus
correct
incorrect
Bartolomé de las Casas
correct
incorrect
Alonso Ortíz
correct
incorrect
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Among the gifts of submission presented to Cortés on the Mexican mainland was _________, the daughter of an Aztec lord and someone who would go on to play a crucial role in securing the success of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
Huitzilxotzin
correct
incorrect
Llancueitl
correct
incorrect
Xiuhcuetzin
correct
incorrect
Malinche
correct
incorrect
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The oldest city founded by Europeans on the American mainland was the coastal city of _________, established by Hernán Cortés as a base for further inland exploration.
Progreso
correct
incorrect
Veracruz
correct
incorrect
Tampico
correct
incorrect
Campeche
correct
incorrect
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Among the many Native American allies who aided Cortés in the conquest of the Aztec Empire were the _________, sworn enemies of the Aztecs.
Tlaxcalans
correct
incorrect
Toltecs
correct
incorrect
Tarascans
correct
incorrect
Yucatecs
correct
incorrect
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Upon Cortés' arrival at the city of _________, on November 2, 1519, Emperor Moctezuma II was in a quandary over how to deal with these invaders whose depredations neither his tributaries nor his enemies had been able to stop.
Chalco
correct
incorrect
Xochimilco
correct
incorrect
Tenochtitlán
correct
incorrect
Teotihuacán
correct
incorrect
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At about the same time, _________, a relative of Cortés, conceived of a plan to conquer the Andean empire of the Incas after hearing rumors about an empire of gold and silver to the south.
Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
correct
incorrect
Francisco Pizarro
correct
incorrect
Pedro de Valdivia
correct
incorrect
Juan Ponce de León
correct
incorrect
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A crucial factor which aided in the fall of the Incan Empire to the Spaniards was the protracted war of succession between _________and his half-brother Huáscar.
Mayta Cápac
correct
incorrect
Pachacuti
correct
incorrect
Túpac Amaru
correct
incorrect
Atahualpa
correct
incorrect
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The Spaniards would not take full control of the Inca Empire until________.
1572
correct
incorrect
1535
correct
incorrect
1600
correct
incorrect
1550
correct
incorrect
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When the Portuguese conquered Brazil, the indigenous population was estimated to be nearly _________inhabitants.
1 million
correct
incorrect
5 million
correct
incorrect
500,000
correct
incorrect
10 million
correct
incorrect
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The great majority of the indigenous of population of Brazil lived in tribally organized temporary or permanent villages based primarily on all but one of the following:
agriculture
correct
incorrect
hunting
correct
incorrect
foraging
correct
incorrect
fishing
correct
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The relatively slow pace of the Portuguese conquest in Brazil, compared to the meteoric success the Spaniards enjoyed over the vast Aztec and Inca empires, can be explained by all but one of the following:
Spanish conquistadors went straight to the top of the imperial pyramid and made full use of their arrogance, bravado and ruthless brutality to secure control
correct
incorrect
The Spaniards' use of sophisticated firearms and cannons played a decisive role in combat, especially in close encounters, demonstrating the crucial role of gunpowder technology in bringing down the Aztec and Inca empires
correct
incorrect
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were relatively recent creations in which the hierarchical power structure was still divided and contested by enemy factions, thus allowing the Spaniards to form tactical alliances among the subject population and manipulate rival groups against each other
correct
incorrect
European-introduced diseases took a devastating toll among the indigenous population ahead of actual military invasion, decimating the locals and thus greatly disrupting and undermining their effectiveness in repelling the Spanish onslaught
correct
incorrect
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_________were American-born descendants of European settlers, primarily of Iberian ancestry.
Castizos
correct
incorrect
Sambos
correct
incorrect
Mestizos
correct
incorrect
Creoles
correct
incorrect
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The mythical and elusive kingdom of _________, or 'golden city,' became the stuff of legend which would fuel the quest for material riches in the New World in the minds of many a conquistador, though it was never found.
Saguenay
correct
incorrect
Paititi
correct
incorrect
El Dorado
correct
incorrect
Norumbega
correct
incorrect
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Beginning in the mid-sixteenth century, easy looting for gold and silver was replaced by a search for the mines from where these precious metals came, including all but one of the following regions:
Paraguay
correct
incorrect
Mexico
correct
incorrect
Chile
correct
incorrect
Bolivia
correct
incorrect
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As part of the complex hierarchical administrative system established by the Spaniards in the New World, the municipal councils, or _________, were set up in towns and cities to serve as elective bodies under the supervision of appointed inspectors.
aduanas
correct
incorrect
cabildos
correct
incorrect
repartimientos
correct
incorrect
audiencias
correct
incorrect
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In the 1540s, in an effort to transition away from the encomienda system, Spain introduced rotating assignments, or _________, which established an obligation by villagers to send stipulated numbers of people as laborers to a contractor.
alcabalas
correct
incorrect
audiencias
correct
incorrect
repartimientos
correct
incorrect
aduanas
correct
incorrect
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The Habsburg Wars placed a tremendous strain on Spain's revenue base forcing the Crown into repeated bankruptcy and ultimately leading to the sale of _________in the New World to the highest bidder.
academic offices
correct
incorrect
ecclesiastical offices
correct
incorrect
military offices
correct
incorrect
administrative offices
correct
incorrect
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The sale of these colonial offices ultimately led to all but one of the following:
a reduction in the military cost of protecting Spain's New World possessions
correct
incorrect
a decline in the competence level of office holders
correct
incorrect
the emergence of a Creole elite able to bend the Spanish administration increasingly to its will
correct
incorrect
the decentralization of the decision-making processes
correct
incorrect
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In the early seventeenth century, the French, English and Dutch started occupying smaller unclaimed Caribbean islands which they then used to launch raids on Spanish colonies in order to disrupt Spain's monopoly on shipping between Europe and its Caribbean possessions, eventually taking some of these Spanish outposts. Most notable among these conquered Spanish outposts was Jamaica, taken by the English, and _________, taken by the French.
Cuba
correct
incorrect
Western Hispaniola
correct
incorrect
Puerto Rico
correct
incorrect
The Bahamas
correct
incorrect
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The _________, a primary target of English privateers, carried silver from Mexico to China annually and returned laden with Chinese silks, porcelain and lacquerware.
Santa Fe Trail
correct
incorrect
Old Spanish Trail
correct
incorrect
Acapulco-Manila treasure fleet
correct
incorrect
Spanish Main
correct
incorrect
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After the demise of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and in an effort to regain control over Spain's American possessions, the new French-descended Bourbons put into practice a series of reforms aimed at _________.
diversifying the economic base of its New World possessions to other European markets
correct
incorrect
seeking new sources of mineral wealth
correct
incorrect
extending the power of Spanish Church officials in the New World
correct
incorrect
improving Spain's naval connections and administrative control in the New World
correct
incorrect
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As colonial Brazil grew, the Portuguese created a council in Lisbon to deal with all New World appointments and established a high court for all judicial affairs in the city of _________ in northern Brazil.
Rio
correct
incorrect
Bahia
correct
incorrect
Ouro Preto
correct
incorrect
Olinda
correct
incorrect
*
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Colonial cities and Jesuits in Portuguese Brazil repeatedly clashed over the slave raids of the _________, or "pioneers/slave traders," in village territories.
bandeirantes
correct
incorrect
entradas
correct
incorrect
mocambos
correct
incorrect
quilombos
correct
incorrect
*
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The earliest settlement in the northeastern coast of North America was:
Quebec
correct
incorrect
Jamestown
correct
incorrect
Plymouth
correct
incorrect
Boston
correct
incorrect
*
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The pattern of settlement in North America in the seventeenth century followed the trail of French, English and Dutch _________who grew their own food and traded with the local natives for furs.
Catholic missionaries
correct
incorrect
bounty hunters
correct
incorrect
Protestant missionaries
correct
incorrect
merchant investors
correct
incorrect
*
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Among the English colonists in North America, the first to demand participation in the colonial administration were _________.
New England lumber dealers
correct
incorrect
Virginia tobacco growers
correct
incorrect
Georgia cotton growers
correct
incorrect
Pennsylvania wheat growers
correct
incorrect
*
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From Quebec, the French embarked on an exploratory and fur-trading mission south into the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi valley and the Mississippi delta, claiming these lands as part of their Canada-Mississippi- _________ territory.
Louisiana
correct
incorrect
Georgia
correct
incorrect
Carolina
correct
incorrect
Alabama
correct
incorrect
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The original English colonies in North America went from being merely English to being part of a "British" empire after the _________.
War of the Spanish Succession
correct
incorrect
English Civil War
correct
incorrect
English-Scottish union of 1707
correct
incorrect
Seven Years' War
correct
incorrect
*
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The Seven Years' War in the New World was ultimately won by the superiority and tactical maneuvering of _________over the French forces.
Great Britain's European allies
correct
incorrect
Great Britain's Indian allies
correct
incorrect
the British Army
correct
incorrect
the British navy
correct
incorrect
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The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world is known as the _________.
Anglo-Portuguese Exchange
correct
incorrect
Columbian Exchange
correct
incorrect
Louisiana Purchase Exchange
correct
incorrect
Indo-European Exchange
correct
incorrect
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The English and French colonies of North America, lacking a sustainable native industry at first, moved further south in order to develop an agricultural base following the plantation system for growing _________, thus joining the Spanish and Portuguese exploitation of America's sub-tropical agricultural resources.
indigo and rice
correct
incorrect
potatoes
correct
incorrect
oranges
correct
incorrect
wheat
correct
incorrect
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The primary mining centers in colonial Spanish America were _______in southeastern Peru (today's Bolivia) and Zacatecas and Guanajuato in northern Mexico.
Santa Cruz
correct
incorrect
Sucre
correct
incorrect
Oruro
correct
incorrect
Potosí
correct
incorrect
*
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The Spaniards pioneered silver mining innovations, such as the _________method, which facilitated extraction through the use of mercury.
a)"arrastras"
correct
incorrect
"magistral"
correct
incorrect
"patio"
correct
incorrect
"mita"
correct
incorrect
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Between _________, it is estimated that Spanish America produced 150,000 tons of silver (including gold converted into silver weight), corresponding roughly to 85% of the world production and underlying the extraordinary role of American silver in the money economies of Spain, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, especially China.
1492-1500
correct
incorrect
1550-1750
correct
incorrect
1500-1550
correct
incorrect
1550-1650
correct
incorrect
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In order to support the mining centers and administrative cities, the Spanish colonial government encouraged the development of agricultural estates or _________.
reducciones
correct
incorrect
paradores
correct
incorrect
estancias
correct
incorrect
haciendas
correct
incorrect
*
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Ethnic combinations of Europeans and Native Americans and Europeans and Africans were collectively called castas, or "castes," a term originating out of a desire on the part of Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of racial mixture in hopes of counterbalancing the vast masses of Native Americans and Africans. The two most important castes were mestizos (Spanish)/mestiços (Portuguese), born of Iberian fathers and Native American mothers, and _________, born of Iberian fathers and Black mothers.
moriscos
correct
incorrect
sambos
correct
incorrect
mulatos
correct
incorrect
castizos
correct
incorrect
*
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The largest of the Atlantic port cities in the British colonies of North America was _________, followed closely by New York.
Boston
correct
incorrect
Savannah
correct
incorrect
Newport, Rhode Island
correct
incorrect
Philadelphia
correct
incorrect
*
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Colonial Brazil did not offer higher education prior to 1800, which is why the earliest universities in colonial Latin America were all in Spanish America. Among these, the oldest were those of Santo Domingo, Mexico City and _________.
Córdoba, Argentina
correct
incorrect
Lima
correct
incorrect
Bogotá
correct
incorrect
Quito
correct
incorrect
*
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The revivalist _________of the 1730s and 1740s used a literal understanding of Protestantism as one of its main foundations and received its main impulse from the work of the brothers John and Charles Wesley, English Methodist preachers who made quite an impact during their tour of Georgia in 1735.
"Great Faith"
correct
incorrect
"Great Awareness"
correct
incorrect
"Great Awakening"
correct
incorrect
"Great Order"
correct
incorrect
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