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Return to Patterns of World History 3e Dashboard Resources
Chapter 15 Self-Assessment
Quiz Content
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The following is the correct chronological order:
End of Teotihuacán; Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula; Chichén Itzá; Inca Empire.
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Chichén Itzá; End of Teotihuacán; Inca Empire; Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula.
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Inca Empire; Late Maya kingdoms in the Yucatán Peninsula; End of Teotihuacán; Chichén Itzá.
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Late Maya kingdoms in Yucatán Peninsula; Chichén Itzá; End of Teotihuacán; Inca Empire.
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All of the following societies occupied parts of Mesoamerica EXCEPT:
Teotihuacán
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Wari
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Toltec
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Maya
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The city of Tula, originally formed by craftsmen and farmers fleeing the collapsed state of Teotihuacán:
Developed advanced military techniques and renamed themselves "the Nahuatl."
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Were able to maintain their independence despite repeated invasions by Toltec and Aztec war parties.
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Developed a reputation for producing high quality scrapers, knives, and spear points.
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Were the earliest ironworkers in the Americas.
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The Toltec state introduced all of the following military innovations EXCEPT:
Short wooden swords with inlaid obsidian edges.
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Obsidian daggers with wooden handles.
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Establishing colonies and having troops accompany traders.
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Wheeled chariots that were used to terrify the enemy.
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The large trade network in which the Toltecs participated can be characterized by the following:
It was based on the exchange of goods, such as gemstones, obsidian, cacao, vanilla, and bird feathers.
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It led to the diffusion of silk weaving techniques.
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It facilitated the transmission of agricultural techniques, for instance, the cultivation of rice producing two or more crops per year.
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It was based on the use of military might to protect merchants and to force other societies to enter into formal trading agreements with the Toltec.
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Features of the late Maya States in the Yucatán included all of the following EXCEPT:
Maya culture's final period was about 650-900.
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There were massive attempts at agricultural expansion, involving terracing and other innovations.
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Surprisingly, there was little if any centralization of political authority.
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In some, the population density was greater than that of any contemporary European states.
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The problems identified in the textbook as leading to the deterioration of the late Mayan states included all of the following EXCEPT:
Torrential downpours washed away the topsoil from the newly built hillside terraces.
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The area experienced uncontrollable population growth, as was true in China.
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The fertility of many fields decreased due to the depletion of nutrients in the topsoil.
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Malnutrition began to reduce the labor force.
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All of the following is true of Chichén Itzá EXCEPT:
It was the most prominent of the small Maya states that survived the central collapse.
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In many places, the only viable economic pursuit was the production of salt.
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There were no rivers, so water had to be transported from sinkholes.
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Because of the dearth of available resources, Chichén Itzá could not develop merchant groups or participate in regional trade.
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Around 600, two groups arrived in the Peruvian Andes as conquerors:
The Inca and the Wari.
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The Tiwanaku and the Inca.
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The Tiwanaku and the Wari.
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The Chontal and the Inca.
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Resources of the Andean region around Lake Titicaca included all of the following EXCEPT:
Freshwater fish for food.
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Reeds for the construction of boats and roofs.
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Food staples such as potatoes and quinoa.
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Rich fields of corn at the highest elevations.
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All of the following are true of the state of Wari EXCEPT:
It seems to have had less control over elites than most other empires in the Americas.
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It was centered on the Ayacucho Valley in the highlands of northern Peru.
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The valley's relatively low elevation (about 8000 feet as opposed to an Andean average of about 13,000 feet) allowed for the cultivation of potatoes, cotton, and corn.
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The state employed architects for the construction of new towns.
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Wari and Tiwanaku had certain similarities, such as all of the following EXCEPT:
They were both expanding states governed by elite clans.
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Despite obvious signs of rebellion, it is clear that the commoners respected and protected temples and temple sculptures.
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Leaders derived their strength from reciprocal patron-client relationships.
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After the year 950, there are signs of intense class tensions in both states.
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The Aztec and Inca empires which developed in the early fifteenth century were different from the earlier expanding states in that:
Previous expansionistic states had to maintain much larger armies to control the surrounding states.
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The Aztec and Incan empires were states with capitals and ceremonial centers, and vastly larger tributary hinterlands.
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The Aztecs and Incas imposed their language and religions on the conquered states, creating a more homogeneous population than seen before.
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The empires of the Americas developed patterns vastly different from any appearing in Eurasia.
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The Aztec foundation myth has all of the following elements EXCEPT:
Their hunter/warrior patron god ordered them to show their gratitude by the sacrifice of virgin maidens at the beginning of each lunar cycle.
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The first Aztec was one of seven brothers born on an island or in a mountain cave.
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Their putative ancestors left their mythical homeland as foragers dressed in skins, lacking agriculture and urban civilization.
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The patron god Huitzilpochtli guided them to a land of plenty, signaling their arrival by an eagle perched on a cactus.
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All of the following are true EXCEPT:
The Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlán and two others successfully rebelled against the reigning city-state in the Mexican Basin in 1428.
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An Aztec leader Izcóatl, together with his successors as well as the rulers of the allied states, began an expansion that eventually resulted in a full-fledged empire.
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The local elites of states conquered by the Aztecs were left in place, but they were required to leave their sons as hostages for good behavior.
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Aztec warrior elite males were forbidden to marry local women, but they took many concubines.
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Important weapons in the Aztec arsenal included:
Bows and arrows, three-foot obsidian-spiked broadswords, thrusting spears, dart throwers, and slings.
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Clubs, maces, axes, and four-foot obsidian-spiked broadswords.
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Slingshots, clubs, rapiers, and dart throwers.
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Four-foot obsidian-spiked rapiers, broadswords, darts, and slings.
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All of the following were true of the Incan empire EXCEPT:
It emerged in the southern Peruvian city-state of Cuzco, as a highly militaristic society.
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The name of the empire, "Tawantinsuyu," means "Land of Warriors."
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It extended into the tropical upper Amazon region as well as the western Argentinean steppes.
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Its foundation myth is similar to that of the Aztecs.
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All of the following are true of political organization under the Incan empire EXCEPT:
It was divided into four regions, which were subdivided into 80 provinces, each of which had an Inca subgovernor.
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Local elites retained some power, subordinate to the Incan governors and subgovernors.
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Care was taken not to disturb local practices, such as burial rituals.
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Local elites oversaw recruiting for the mit'a, or the service obligation of the subjects.
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All of the following are true of Incan military organization EXCEPT:
Armies ranged in size from about 10,000 men to about 25,000 men.
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All young, able-bodied men were expected to serve.
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Married men 25-30 years old were foot soldiers, often accompanied by their wives and children.
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Unmarried men age 18-25 years of age were used as porters or messengers.
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Inca weaponry:
Was much less sophisticated than that of the Aztecs.
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Used all the same techniques, including identical technology in affixing obsidian cutting edges for broadswords and arrow points.
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Was metallurgically superior to Aztec, often including the use of very hard bronze.
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Did not include the use of protective armor, although it appears that some of their enemies did.
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During the second half of the fifteenth century, the Incas:
Turned from conquest to consolidation.
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Increased the scope of their military draft, using people who would otherwise have been left in their own villages.
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Pulled back toward the administrative center to avoid the costs of constant warfare on the borderlands.
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Faced foreign armies, often as well armed as the Incas, which led to a greater cohesion among the Incan elite aristocracy.
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All of the following is true of communications in the Inca empire EXCEPT:
The rugged, mountainous terrain prevented the construction of roads of the same quality as those in the Aztec empire.
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The Incas systematically improved road networks that had been built by their predecessors, particularly the Tiwanaku and Wari.
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The transportation system sometimes relied on suspension bridges and rafts.
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The roads measured from three to twelve feet in width, often requiring extensive grounding, paving, and tunneling.
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The imperial capitals of Mesoamerica and the Andes had all of the following in common EXCEPT:
Monumental ceremonial centers and palaces.
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Public acts of contrition by rulers designed to appease deities and atone for sins, known or unknown.
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Almost daily ceremonies and rituals to underscore the power of the ruling elite.
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Shamanic and polytheistic heritage, modified to underscore the might of the empire.
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Another commonality between the Aztec and Inca capitals of the fifteenth century is:
That they were ruled by direct decrees from rulers and elites, and neither had a system of appeal
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That they were ceremonial centers with little or no economic activity to interfere with religion.
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That they were among the largest cities of the world.
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That their monumental architecture followed identical artistic traditions.
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All of the following were true of Tenochtitlán EXCEPT:
Aqueducts piped freshwater directly to all citizens.
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The primary market day could attract as many as 40,000 people.
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A number of causeways crossed it and linked it with the lake shore.
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Professional water carriers took fresh water to commoners in various quarters of the city.
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In "Patterns Up Close," the author believes all of the following to be true about ritual human sacrifice EXCEPT:
The survival of traditional blood rituals within polytheism was a pattern that distinguished the early American empires from their Eurasian counterparts.
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126 skeletons of human sacrificial victims have been excavated at the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlán.
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From first-hand reports and archaeological evidence, we can ascertain the exact extent it was practiced by Aztec and Inca societies.
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It is possible that imperial propaganda machines worked in the Aztec and Inca empires to intimidate enemies.
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