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Return to Patterns of World History 3e Dashboard Resources
Chapter 03 Self-Assessment
Quiz Content
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Archeological remains of Harappan culture were first identified:
During work on an extension of the East India Railway.
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In a bazaar in northern India, being sold as paperweights.
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As a base for construction of a large bridge across the Ravi River.
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In Buddhist temples where they were being protected as ancient religious symbols.
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An important pattern in the history of both northern India and Mesopotamia is:
A long history of political unity and conquest of neighboring societies.
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Ghettoization of conquered peoples, prohibiting cultural or biological assimilation.
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Regular rhythms of migration and invasion.
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Accurate accounts and records that tell us much about their religion and philosophy.
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The land area occupied by the Harappans:
Included only the city of Harappa and a circular area about 500 meters wide.
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Was much smaller than Egypt's Old Kingdom or Sargon's Mesopotamia.
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Shows no signs of having participated in any trading networks.
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Was the largest cultural area of the third millennium BCE.
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All of the following are characteristic of the monsoon winds of the South Asian subcontinent EXCEPT:
The monsoon winds make rainfall seasonally predictable, although even minor variations in timing can cause disasters such as floods and famine.
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During the wet cycle, the winds from Africa, flowing from southwest to northeast, cause heavy rainfall.
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During the dry cycle, the winds reverse and bring hot, dry air from Central Asia, and the subcontinent becomes arid.
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The heaviest rainfall generally occurs in the north and in the plain of Sind, leaving much of the south comparatively arid year round.
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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, the two major cities of Harappan culture,:
Are laid out according to a meticulously planned grid.
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Were built on high plateaus, simplifying both defense and water drainage.
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Show a cultural variation much greater than the cities of Old Kingdom Egypt.
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Were deficient in sanitary provisions, such as drains and gutters.
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Archeological and anthropological analysis of the Harappan economy indicates all of the following EXCEPT:
They may have been the first people to cultivate cotton for use in clothing.
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Their diet staples included wheat, barley, peas, melons, figs, and sesame.
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Cattle appear to have been the most important domestic animals.
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They seem never to have domesticated and bred dogs.
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The following are indications that Harappan society included merchants and/or traders, EXCEPT:
A large number of items that seem to have been imported from Egypt.
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Evidence in Mesopotamian records from about 2300 BCE.
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Harappan seals found at Ur in Mesopotamia.
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Elaborate port facilities.
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Religious symbols found in Harappan archeological evidence indicate:
That the "swastika" only appeared in Buddhist-influenced cultures.
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A clearly-delineated cosmological system among them.
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That they may have believed in a life after death.
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That there was a renegade fertility cult outside the scope of the official religion.
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The signs of a decline in the major cities of Harappa include:
The construction of structures of inferior quality over earlier buildings.
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A sharp rise in migration from outlying towns and villages to the large cities, as they were probably seeking protection from invaders.
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The construction of many large dams, apparently in an attempt to control the tributaries of the Indus.
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The complete disappearance of all Harappan villages and towns by 2000 BCE.
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The Indo-Europeans migrated into northern India during the period:
2500-2200 BCE
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1500-1200 BCE
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2100-1800 BCE
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1000-800 BCE
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The Vedas were composed:
During the year 1003 BCE.
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Between 1400 and 800 BCE.
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By the Harappan priesthood some time during 1700-1300 BCE.
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By Indo-Europeans sometime after 400 BCE.
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A society calling themselves "Aryans":
Conquered northern India in a series of ferocious battles beginning around 1200 BCE.
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Attacked the subcontinent by sea and swept up along the coastlines before pushing toward the Indian interior.
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Entered South Asia through the Khyber Pass and spread across Punjab over a 300 year period, with evidence of some battles, but longer periods of peaceful migration.
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Captured all of the major Harappan cities and either killed or enslaved the native population.
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The Vedas:
Can be trusted by historians and archeologists because they were accounts of events which were written as they occurred.
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Were written down after 600 BCE, but grew from an oral tradition composed between about 1400 and 900 BCE.
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Represent the authors' best efforts to convey accurate information to future generations rather than being in any way allegorical or mythological.
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Were lost for centuries, but discovered and translated by archeologist Sir Arthur Murphy in 1925.
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All of these statements about the Rig-Veda are true EXCEPT:
It appears to be the oldest of the Vedas, dating to an oral tradition passed down from priest to priest until after 1400 CE.
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It contains more than a thousand verses.
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It maintains that the Aryans descended from a matriarchal society somewhere near the Black Sea.
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It depicts a society broken down into four social divisions or varnas: priests, warriors, merchants, and commoners.
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Which of the following might represent evidence that the Aryans were agents of technological transmission?
Their introduction of chariots to the Xia and Shang societies of China.
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The introduction of the horse to South Asia.
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The diffusion of iron.
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Maps and detailed information about Chinese and Persian society in the Rig-Veda.
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After the disappearance of Harappan cities, the re-urbanization of northern India was in large part supported by:
Aryan use of slave labor.
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The coordinated effort to desalinate the Indus River.
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The cultivation of rice.
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Indra's commands in the Rig-Veda.
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The Mahabharata:
Is the world's longest poem, only slightly shorter than the Christian New Testament.
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Provides guidance to those struggling with conflicting civil, social, and religious duties.
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Was not intended as a source of religious doctrine.
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Was designed primarily to give comfort to the "forest dwellers," those who had removed themselves from society in order to devote themselves to meditation.
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All of the following statements about the Bhagavad Gita are true EXCEPT:
It is one of the 18 books of the Mahabharata.
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The protagonist, a warrior named Arjuna, is conflicted about going into battle against friends and family members.
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The god Krishna leads the warrior Arjuna to the realization that the human duty to support and protect one's family outweighs all other considerations.
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It maintains that humans are required to put aside their personal reservations and fulfill their duty whether or not it appeals to them.
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By about 600 BCE, the largest northern Indian states, particularly Magadha and Kosala:
Developed ideologies of kingship based on a common religious understanding.
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Realized that they had extended beyond the practical limits of their ability to govern and maintain administrative control of additional societies.
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Had nearly destroyed each other by constant warfare.
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Realized that prosperity can only be achieved through peaceful interaction.
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One of the most important concepts in the Vedas was that of dharma, which refers to:
Diligently fulfilling required duties in accordance with one's place in society.
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One's duty to pursue peace at any cost.
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The importance of sexual purity and asceticism.
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The obligation to act in accordance with one's own conscience, regardless of social standing.
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By 600 BCE, a male householder of the upper class was expected to:
Rule the entire extended family, with no restrictions on his behavior.
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See that all people present including children, married daughters, the elderly and sick, guests and servants were fed before he and his wife ate.
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Force his wife to commit ritual suicide should he even have a suspicion that she has committed any act of sexual infidelity.
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Make sure that no sexually explicit materials entered the household.
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The term "Hinduism":
Was an Indo-European word used to describe Harappan religious rites.
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Was derived from the Persian word hindu, taken from the Sanskrit word sindhu, or "rivers."
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Was derived from the term Harappans used to describe the duties of priests.
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Came into use after the Indo-European invasion to describe the religious practices of the conquered Harappan societies.
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The term "formalism" is used to describe:
The belief that only the pure and proper forms of rituals were effective.
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The belief that the formulas for rituals were always effective, as long as the speaker was sincere.
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The belief that the Brahmans were responsible for training the other varnas in the best forms.
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The notion that wearing proper robes and headgear was necessary to perform rituals effectively.
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All of the following are true of the practice, understanding, or goals of yoga EXCEPT that:
The practice is based on the belief that mastery of the body allows one to leave the restrictions of the material world.
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The body is constantly changing, and the practice of yoga allows one to go beyond the physical to that which is unchanging.
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The discipline of postures, breathing, and meditation help the practitioner to go beyond the limitations of the material world.
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Through intense practice and discipline, one can move the body to a state of unchanging grace.
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