Chapter 2 Self-Quiz

. According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the watch

runs well.

has a structure.

shows purposefulness.

is engraved.

. Anselm assumes that a being that exists in reality is greater than a being that

exists only in the understanding.

is embodied.

is worshipped.

exists without flaws.

. Rowe argues that we can allow someone to define God anyway she wants, yet it will not follow from that definition that such a being

actually exists.

can be defined.

exists in our understanding.

exists in our minds.

. Hick says the idea of a person who can be infallibly guaranteed always to act rightly is

coherent.

necessary.

biblical.

self-contradictory.

. Pascal believes that when it comes to the question of God's existence

reason can lead us to faith.

faith depends on reason.

reason can decide the question.

reason can decide nothing.

. Pascal says that if you bet that God exists, and he does in fact exist, you

gain a viable faith.

win nothing and lose everything.

lose because you abandon reason.

win infinite happiness and lose nothing.

. James says that a genuine option is

true.

momentous but not forced.

live but not momentous.

forced, live, and momentous.

. According to Kant, to say that something exists is to

add an additional property to it.

not add any additional property to it.

postulate a change in the thing's essence.

add a concept to the concept of the thing.

. Mackie says that religious experiences are

generally indistinguishable from experiences with a known psychological or physical cause.

exactly what they seem to be.

due to chance.

generally recognizable from sensory cues.

. According to Hick, a certain amount of evil in the world is

illusory.

caused by a finite God.

necessary.

contrary to divinity.

. Behe says that an irreducibly complex biological system would be a powerful challenge to

theism.

direct creation.

non-Darwinian evolution.

Darwinian evolution.

. According to Behe, the gradual accumulation of mutations

can evolve a biological system.

produces higher life forms.

is the way that irreducibly complex systems evolve.

cannot evolve a biological system.

. Some design arguments are framed as

deductive inferences.

ontological theories.

inferences to the best explanation.

inferences to complexity.

. According to Swinburne, the simplicity of a scientific theory is a matter of its having

a network of many laws.

few component laws.

no laws.

many new objects.

. Paley says that if we found a watch and examined it closely, we would naturally infer that it had a maker—even if we had never seen a watch made.

True

False

. Paley says that the anthropic principle does not support the idea of intelligent design of the universe.

True

False

. If sound, Aquinas's arguments prove that the God of traditional religion (an all-knowing, all-good, all-powerful being) exists.

True

False

. Paley's argument, if cogent, proves the existence of the Christian God.

True

False

. Philo declares that this world is the perfect product of a perfect deity.

True

False

. According to Rowe, if we grant to Anselm the premise that God is a possible being, the argument is sound.

True

False

. Rowe believes that Anselm's argument fails as a proof of the existence of God.

True

False

. Hick says that it is possible to show that each item of human pain serves the divine purpose.

True

False

. Hick concludes that this world is not well adapted to the purpose of soul-making.

True

False

. Pascal believes that belief in God is a rational act.

True

False

. Believing that God exists increases the probability that God does in fact exist.

True

False

. For Hick, soul-making is an essential part of a plausible theodicy.

True

False