Chapter 5 Self-Assessment

. The fallacy of rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as appeal to

. A type of ad hominem fallacy that argues that a claim must be true (or false) just because the claimant is hypocritical is called

. The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as appeal to

. Usually the burden of proof rests on the side that

. The fallacy of deliberately raising an irrelevant issue during an argument is called a(n)

. The fallacy of appeal to the person is rejecting a claim by

. Arguing that your doing something morally wrong is justified because someone else has done the same (or similar) thing is known as the fallacy of

. A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when

. Drawing an unwarranted conclusion or generalization about an entire group of people is called

. The appeal to popularity is arguing that a claim must be true because

. A scientific claim must be true if it hasn't been shown to be false.

. If we could prove something with a lack of evidence, we could prove almost anything.

. Good writers never combine arguments with appeals to emotion.

. The following argument pattern is an example of begging the question: "Reinterpret claim X so that it becomes the weak or absurd claim Y; attack claim Y; conclude that X is unfounded."

. The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as equivocation.

. Slippery-slope arguments are fallacious because they offer no good reasons for believing that the sequence of steps referred to will happen as predicted.

. The following argument is an example of equivocation: "The political action committee is very prestigious in Washington; we can expect, then, that each of its soldiers is very prestigious in Washington."

. The fact that someone has dubious reasons for making a claim does not show that the claim is false.

. The fallacy of composition is thinking that the characteristics of the parts are somehow transferred to the whole.

. The fallacy of division is frequently used in statistical arguments.

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