Chapter 5 Self-Assessment

. According to Holbach, people always act according to

free choices.

dictates of the soul.

necessary natural laws.

undetermined will.

. According to Taylor, hard determinism conflicts with

the findings of science.

scientific determinism.

the fact of deliberation and indeterminism.

the fact of deliberation and our sense that some actions are up to us.

. Soft determinism entails that

the thesis of determinism is true.

there are no restraints on human behavior.

the thesis of determinism is false.

we are free to choose our desires.

. For the soft determinist, to say that you could have done otherwise is to say that you would have done otherwise if your desires

were always the same.

were completely under your control.

had been different.

played no role in your decisions.

. According to Sartre, what existentialists have in common is that they think that

essence precedes existence.

objectivity must be a starting point.

existence is a myth.

existence precedes essence.

. According to Sartre, if God does not exist,

anything is permissible.

moral values must come from nature.

moral values still exist.

man does not exist.

. According to James, indeterminism allows that the world has

no ambiguous possibilities.

a fixed future.

ambiguous possibilities.

no shadow of turning.

. According to Stace, free acts must be

those whose immediate causes are psychological states in the agent.

uncaused.

caused by forces outside the agent.

those whose immediate causes are the acts of other agents.

. The challenge of reconciling determinism with our intuitions or ideas about personal freedom is known as the

problem of free will.

determinism problem.

libertarian dilemma.

problem of indeterminism.

. The movies Gattaca and A Clockwork Orange dramatize the fear of

a pleasurable future.

a predetermined existence.

an open future.

violence.

. Many who reject the notion of free will think that punishing people for crimes makes no sense. They think that instead of punishing criminals, we should

leave them to their own devices.

ostracize them.

terminate them.

try to modify their behavior.

. Compatibilism entails that determinism is true, determinism and free will are compatible, and

we sometimes act freely.

free will is a myth.

no one acts freely.

soft determinism is false.

. The view that some actions are free because they are ultimately caused, or controlled, by the person is called

libertarianism.

soft compatibilism.

ultimate freedom.

indetermination.

. The view that what will be will be, and no human actions can change it, is known as

determinism.

soft determinism.

futurism.

fatalism.

. The branch of science that provides a counterexample to the notion that every event has a cause is known as

quantum physics.

quantum computing.

relativity theory.

chaos theory.

. __________ wrote The Will to Believe and The Varieties of Religious Experience.

Jean-Paul Sartre

Richard Taylor

W. T. Stace

William James

. Incompatibilists believe that compatibilist freedom is

real freedom.

a plausible hypothesis.

undetermined.

not real freedom.

. William Rowe argues that freedom that is worth the name must include power to

will.

act randomly.

power to do if we will.

desire what we want.

. The Consequence Argument is supposed to establish

incompatibilism.

free will.

libertarianism.

soft determinism.

. True or False? Holbach's view is that science precludes the notion of free will.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Holbach asserts that when we deliberate about a choice, our decision is free and undetermined.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Taylor rejects libertarianism.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? James says that determinism professes that those parts of the universe already laid down absolutely decree what the other parts shall be.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? James believes that only determinism allows for the possibility of free will.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Stace thinks that determinism is compatible with moral responsibility.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Stace believes that determinism is consistent with free will.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Stace believes that determinism is consistent with free will.

TRUE

FALSE

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