Chapter 3 Self-Assessment

. An important moral criterion of adequacy is known as

simplicity.

fallibility.

fruitfulness.

consistency with our considered moral judgments.

. Critics of the divine command theory have argued that the theory implies that God's commands are

well supported.

unclear.

unknowable.

arbitrary.

. According to Kant, nothing can be called "good" without qualification except

right action.

a good will.

happiness.

good consequences.

. Kant says that when trying to decide whether an action is morally permissible, we must ask if we can consistently will that the maxim of our action should become a

rule for maximizing happiness.

contingent law.

universal law.

rule of thumb.

. To Kant, making a lying promise would be wrong because

lying to people can cause them harm.

lying to people harms society.

you could not consistently will that everyone should make lying promises.

most people condemn the practice.

. Mill argues that the Greatest Happiness Principle is

one of several principles of morality.

the standard of morality.

endorsed by all the major religions.

embodied in the Ten Commandments.

. Utilitarianism says that right actions are those that produce the greatest happiness for

each individual.

one's own family.

all concerned.

those who deserve it.

. According to Aristotle, we always desire happiness

as a means to something else.

for the sake of pleasure.

for the sake of honor.

for its own sake.

. Virtues are

emotions.

moral states.

faculties.

physical conditions.

. According to Held, virtue ethics emphasizes the character of individuals, but the ethics of care focuses more on

nurturing connectedness among people.

an ethic of justice.

Kantian values.

utilitarian concerns.

. Held says that the ethics of care

rejects emotion.

redefines emotion.

values emotion.

is neutral regarding emotions.

. According to Held, care is both a

practice and a value.

theory and a rule.

sense of justice and a mode of deliberation.

moral law and a virtue.

. For subjectivists, everyone's moral views are

false.

unwise.

equally plausible.

not equally plausible.

. Act-utilitarianism is the view that the rightness of actions depends

solely on the character of the agent.

on both the relative good produced by individual actions and the conformity to rules.

solely on the relative good produced by individual actions.

on a good will.

. True or False? Kant declares that we should never in any circumstances treat people as a means.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Kant believes that we should not treat persons merely as a means except when society's welfare is at stake.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Kant argues that the moral law is conditional.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Kant asserts that happiness is the sole end of human action.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Mary Wollstonecraft was one of the great forebears of feminist thought.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Aristotle says that virtue is a mean lying between two vices.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Held favors the liberal individualist concept of a person.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Held thinks that virtue ethics is a failed moral theory.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? Cultural relativism eliminates the possibility of moral disagreement.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? By the lights of cultural relativism, cross-cultural moral disagreement is possible.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? From the fact that cultures have divergent moral beliefs on an issue, it does not logically follow that there is no objective moral truth.

TRUE

FALSE

. True or False? From the fact that cultures have divergent moral beliefs on an issue, it does not logically follow that there is no objective moral truth.

TRUE

FALSE

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