Chapter 2 Quiz

The Pre-Socratics and the Sophists
. According to tradition, __________ was the first philosopher.

. Thales's great contribution to philosophy and science is (are) his __________, whereby he sought natural and simple explanations for natural phenomena.

. Anaximander contends that everything came from a formless, imperishable substance called __________.

. Heraclitus claims that although all things __________, they are really __________.

. According to Heraclitus, we should strive to maintain __________ in our lives.

. Parmenides argues that reality consists of the __________.

. Among the features of reality, according to Parmenides, is __________.

. Democritus advances the theory known as ancient __________.

. Democritus posits the void, which is __________.

. Democritus explains events in __________.

. According to the Sophists, __________ are determined neither by the gods nor nature.

. Plato __________ Protagoras's position.

. __________ asserts, "if it came into being, it is not; nor is it if ever it is going to be."

. __________ is credited with promoting the view that through unaided reason, we can come to know what the world is like.

. __________ asserts, "Moderation is the greatest virtue."

. According to Heraclitus, there is an underlying, unchanging sameness behind the flux of things.

. Heraclitus rejects the idea of an organizing principle of the universe.

. According to Zeno, there is no such thing as motion.

. Atoms, according to Democritus, are indivisible, minute bits of stuff that move randomly in an infinite void.

. Thales posits that the Earth floats on water like a raft.

. According to Plato, relativism is inconsistent because if all sincerely held beliefs are equally true, then two opposing beliefs are true at the same time.

. Subjective relativism is the view that truth depends on what the individual accepts as true, not on the way things are.

. Cultural relativism implies that other cultures are beyond moral criticism.

. Heraclitus claims that the logos is constantly in flux.

. Of all the early Greek notions about the nature of the universe, Democritus's theory comes closest to that of modern scientists.

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