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Hegel and Marx
13.1 Hegel
- Define absolute idealism and pantheism.
- Explain Hegel’s concept of Spirit and the notion of universal self-consciousness.
- Understand the basic steps in the process that Hegel calls dialectic.
13.2 Marx
- Define socialism, communism, and capitalism.
- Understand the meaning of Marx’s phrase, “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.”
- Articulate the main social and political differences between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
- Explain Marx’s comment that the bourgeoisie produce their own gravediggers.
- Summarize the main criticisms that have been lodged against socialist systems.
- Understand how Marx applies the concept of dialectic to the rise of socialism.