Figure 8.1. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/vostok/jouz_tem.htm, and the ‘digital data’ link http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/temp/vostok/vostok.1999.temp.dat,

Footnote 3. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/themes/forcing/, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/041.htm

Table 8.3. Most of the values in this table were obtained from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html. The values had been updated in April, 2016. The carbon dioxide concentration is a value for August, 2016 and was found at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/. The site is updated regularly and shows an increase of about 2 ppmv each year.

Figures 8.7-8.11. The King's Centre for Visualization in Science. At http://www.kcvs.ca follow the links of 'Visualizations', 'Chemistry' and 'Infrared Spectral Windows', and it will lead you to an interactive display where you can view and overlay IR spectra of greenhouse gases and the Earth's emission spectrum. See Additional Resources 7.

Section 8.3, subsection titled ‘Ozone’, in the ‘Think about this’ box: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/reactive_gases.html

Figure 8.12. Data are from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html

Figure 8.13. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data

Figure 8.14. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data

Table 8.4. Most atmospheric lifetime values and GWP values are taken from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth assessment report (AR5), the physical sciences basis, 2013. GWP values are obtained by integration over a 100 year period. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/

Additional Resources

5.   The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre (CDIAC) under US Department of Environment, publishes trace gas concentrations from a number of specific sites around the world, http://cdiac.ornl.gov

6.   The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Assessment Report 5, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/

7. The King’s Centre for Visualization in Science, http://www.kcvs.ca/site/index.html, accessed April 2017 and Visualizing and Understanding the Science of Climate Change,  www.explainingclimatechange.ca, accessed April 2017, lessons 3 and 6, in particular. Note: This site has recently been selected for inclusion in the Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN) collection of educational resources. CLEAN is an internationally-recognized portal (funded by NSF, NOAA, and the Department of Energy) that features high-quality online resources that have passed rigorous review by scientists and educators.