Chapter 3 Review Questions

  1. What is the difference between spontaneous and symbolic communication?
  2. What are the five basic characteristics of the nonverbal code? (See section on power of the nonverbal code.)
  3. What are the three ways nonverbal cues express social meaning?
  4. How can nonverbal messages modify verbal messages?
  5. What does the example from Under a Tuscan Sun illustrate?   
  6. What is the MHC (major histo-compatibility complex)? 
  7. What are the 3 major components of the Leather’s scheme for nonverbal codes? 
  8. What is meant by artifacts? 
  9. Why is it important to note that nonverbal codes tend to be used in combination with other codes? 
  10. Why are humans described as predominantly a visual species? 
  11. What is kinesics and what things does this term include? 
  12. What did Caso and colleagues conclude about hand gestures and deception?
  13. What nonverbals have been linked to the communication of affection?
  14. What is the significance of chronemics and olfactics for communication?
  15. What is a nonverbal regulator?
  16. What happened in Maslow and Mintz's study of the beautiful--ugly room? How did people's reactions differ in each?
  17. What are the four kinds of territories identified by Scott and Lyman? Can you give examples of each?
  18. What is personal space? What is a nonperson? 
  19. What are some differences between men and women and between blacks and whites in the ways they use gaze to monitor interaction?
  20. Why did people in the early part of the nineteenth century use nonverbals to guard themselves from others?
  21. What is a facial blend?
  22. Give an example of a cultural display rule.
  23. What are some of the reasons we may misread others facial expressions?
  24. What is kinesics? What are the differences between emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, and adaptors? What are some examples of each?
  25. What three kinds of behaviors make up the vocalic code?
  26. According to Brenda Major, how may men and women interpret touch differently? How do status differences affect touch? What does it mean to say there is a curvilinear relationship between forms of touch and liking?
  27. What is expectancy violations theory?
  28. What did Burgoon & Hale learn about the impact of personal reward value?
  29. What did Afifi & Metts learn about expectancy violations?
  30. What is Cognitive Valence Theory?
  31. What cognitive schema do people use to interpret expectancy violations?
  32. What is equivocal communication?
  33. What are some ways people can become more aware of the emotions they experience? What does it mean to say that people should “take ownership of their emotions”?
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