Chapter 7 Questions

The Ethics of Immigration
. The most common form of cosmopolitanism is _____ cosmopolitanism, according to which those in a position to do so have an obligation to assist those in need because of poverty and to promote basic human rights.

. Which of the following is not mentioned by Macedo as a duty that societies have toward nonmembers?

. In accordance with the theory of justice proposed by John Rawls, Stephen Macedo argues,"We must consider the justifiability of policies from the standpoint of the _____ well-off among our fellow citizens."

. Which of the following statements would Macedo disagree with?

. Which of the following is not, according to Carens, a concern for all liberal egalitarians?

. During his discussion of Japan, Caren claims that to answer the question of whether limitations on freedom of entry are justified, we have to weigh the claims of those trying to get in _____ the claims of those who are already inside.

. Carens accepts that it is possible for the sudden opening of one country's borders to do more harm than good from a liberal egalitarian perspective. However, he argues that

. Carens's main conclusion is that

. Wellman cites a number of "unpalatable implications that follow from denying a country's right to freedom of association," including

. Wellman accepts that there are other values besides the freedom of association, such as

. In response to the worry that the freedom of association could justify immigration policies that exclude entry to members of a given race, Wellman claims that

. A central premise of Wellman's argument is that the state's right to freedom of association implies a right to _____ prospective members:

. Fine asks us to consider an example in which a private club "regularly arranges noisy late-night gatherings" to show that

. Suppose Wellman argued that just as you have a right not to marry someone who would be harmed by your refusal, a state is free to exclude others even if it causes harm to them. Fine would respond by saying that

. Wellman's response to the "egalitarian" objection to the state's right to exclude is that states can fulfill their duties to outsiders without allowing them into their territory. Fine thinks Wellman's response is insufficient because

. According to Macedo, states only have obligations towards their own citizens.

. Macedo accepts that high levels of immigration by poor and low-skilled workers may worsen the standing of poorer American citizens.

. Joseph Carens argues that there is a presumption against free migration (i.e., free migration is unjust unless showed to be otherwise).

. According to Carens, if you take seriously the freedom and equality of all individuals, then you should deny all freedom of movement across state borders.

. Carens accepts the possibility that opening a state's borders could lead to massive immigration that causes chaos and a breakdown in state government. He argues that his possibility shows that there is no presumption in favor of freedom of movement.

. Wellman argues that both individuals and groups can have rights.

. In his discussion of the egalitarian case for open borders, Wellman argues that the only way to help victims of political injustice is by sheltering them in one's political territory.

. Sarah Fine argues that there is no difference between a state's right to allow people onto its territory and its right to control who becomes a citizen.

. Fine would argue that freedom of association alone cannot deliver a right to exclude would-be immigrants from entering and settling within a state.

. Fine would argue that religious affiliation is either an intimate or expressive association.

. The introduction to this chapter discusses several empirical issues that arise in the context of the ethics of immigration. The impact immigration has on job competition and wages is categorized as a(n)_________ issue.

. When he discusses John Rawls's theory of distributive justice, Macedo discuses a thought experiment where we are in an "original position" behind a "veil of _________" and ask ourselves which principles of social justice we would choose if we didn't know which social position we would occupy.

. Macedo asserts that the vast majority of Americans profess a belief in some _________ political principles (or principles of "the Left"), such as equality of opportunity.

. Carens refers to "the right to go where you want to" as freedom of _________.

. Carens mentioned the possibility that a rich country might open its borders and be thrown into chaos as a result of massive immigration. He calls this the public _________ problem.

. Carens discusses the objection that the basic problem in the immigration debate does not concern free movement but rather concerns the conditions that motivate individuals to leave the land where they were born and raised. He describes this as the view that the demand for free movement is essentially _________.

. The freedom of association possessed by individuals, according to Wellman, corresponds to every state's right to exclude all foreigners from its _________ community.

. Wellman states that he defends a(n)_________ right to limit immigration rather than a consequentialist account of what would maximize happiness.

. Sarah Fine argues that a successful defense of the state's right to prevent others from entering its land would require a justification of the state's _________ rights rather than just its right to exclude others from membership.

. According to Fine, a(n)_________ association (i.e., the kind of association that explains religious freedom) has as its primary purpose the expression of a point of view.

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