Chapter 3 Questions

. The idea of "using someone as a mere means" is centrally relevant to which of the following moral theories?

consequentialism

Kantianism

utilitarianism

natural law theory

. On Kant's view, it is morally permissible to:

masturbate.

engage in prostitution.

engage in consensual sexual activity outside of marriage.

None of the above.

. Kant argues that because sexual attraction involves seeing another person as the object of one's appetites,

moral relationship with that person becomes impaired.

all sexual relations are thereby immoral.

it is impossible to treat people in light of their humanity in all circumstances.

there is a universal law of attraction.

. Kant's humanity formulation of the categorical imperative makes it impermissible for us to, he argues,

sell one of our teeth.

engage in prostitution.

both A and B

Neither A nor B

. Papadaki argues that

sexual objectification is not always wrong.

sexual objectification involves the total reduction of a person to an object.

sexual objectification is not explainable in Kantian terms.

sexual objectification involves the denial of a person's humanity.

. Papadaki argues that the narrow view of sexual objectification

is correct.

fails to account for cases where there can be unintentional disregard of a person's humanity.

fails to account for cases of benign or positive objectification.

none of the above.

. Corvino considers the following argument: Homosexuals are "born that way"; therefore, homosexual activity is good and natural. Corvino claims that this argument is unsound. Why?

It ignores the possibility that homosexuality is a lifestyle choice.

It assumes that all innate desires are good ones.

It is equivalent to recognizing that homosexuality is unusual.

None of the above

. Which of the following does Corvino take to be a problematic "hidden assumption" of harm arguments against homosexuality?

If a practice is riskier than the alternatives, then that practice is moral, prudent, or otherwise to be pursued.

If a practice is risker than the alternatives, then that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.

If a practice is safer than the alternatives, then that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.

none of the above

. The two kinds of anti-homosexuality arguments to which Corvino responds are

naturalness arguments and arguments from fidelity.

harm arguments and arguments from divine command.

unnaturalness arguments and harm arguments.

naturalness arguments and economic arguments.

. Corvino thinks that even on the assumption that homosexuality is riskier than celibacy or heterosexuality, it will follow that homosexuality should "always and everywhere be discouraged by reasonable people" only if

the risks are worth it.

the risks are not worth it.

homosexuality is far riskier than celibacy or heterosexuality.

none of the above

. McGregor argues that the seriousness of rape is not explained by lack of consent alone, but rather,

by what consent ranges over: sex, sexuality, and our bodies.

by the use of physical violence against our bodies.

by the reinforcement of bad norms of conduct about sex and sexuality.

none of the above

. On McGregor's view, our rights carve out

what we are free to do.

the domain of our community.

the domain of our personal identity.

all of the above.

. According to McGregor, the expressive harm of rape

needs to be intentionally inflicted.

does not need to be intentionally inflicted.

Both A and B

None of the above.

. According to West, which of the following reasons for a women to engage in sex with her male partner may cause her harm?

She or her children are economically dependent on her male partner, and so she reasons that she better have sex with him and keep him happy.

Her refusal will result in her partner's being in a foul mood which is more burdensome than having undesired sex.

Her refusal might result in a violent outburst.

All of the above.

. West argues that feminist legal theory has inadvertently led to the under-acknowledgement of the harms of consensual sex because

it posits that all sex is rape.

by suggesting that the harm of rape is that it is nonconsensual, it implies that all consensual sex is good.

by suggesting that the harm of rape has nothing to do with the victim's gender, it implies that women are not especially harmed by nonconsensual sex.

all of the above.

. West argues that feminist rhetoric has

obscures the harms of noncoerced, consensual sex by implying that because what is coerced is bad what is noncoerced is good.

obscures the harms of rape by equating all sex with nonconsensual sex.

by not acknowledging a distinction between what is good and what noncoerced, has led to the acknowledgement of the harms of consensual sex.

All of the above

. According to Kant, sexual acts within marriage are morally permissible because each party to the marriage has given his or her whole person to the other, and so does not use them as a mere means.

True

False

. Kant argues that some sexual acts are immoral because they are contrary to our animal nature.

True

False

. According to Corvino, if a practice is risker than the alternatives, it follows that that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.

True

False

. Corvino defends a tight connection between the origin of homosexual orientation and the moral value of homosexual activity.

True

False

. According to Nussbaum, there can be neutral sexual objectification.

True

False

. Papadaki argues that objectification occurs when someone is treated as an object in a way that denies or ignores or does not fully acknowledge someone's humanity.

True

False

. McGregor denies Hampton's view of moral injury by defending a subjective account of moral injury.

True

False

. According to McGregor's view, rape constitutes a moral injury against all women.

True

False

. West argues that since non-consensual sex is always morally bad, consensual sex is always morally good.

True

False

. Since women who are harmed during consensual sex experience injury to—among other things— their autonomy and self-assertion, West argues that these women may lack a sense of self needed to experience these harms as such.

True

False

. The humanity formulation of Kant's categorical imperative says to act that you use humanity, which is in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never as a _________means.

. According to Kant, homosexual acts are contrary to our _________ nature.

. Corvino considers various possible meanings of "_________" to determine whether they apply to homosexual conduct and to evaluate their moral significance.

. Corvino thinks it's a mistake to assume a tight connection between the origin of homosexual orientation and the _________ of homosexual activity.

. According to Papadaki, Nussbaum has a _________ view of sexual objectification.

. On Papadaki's view, it is possible to objectify someone without _________ to objectify them, that is, without willfully adopting an attitude of disregard to another's humanity.

. McGregor argues that the lack of _________ explains part of the wrong of rape, but not all of it.

. According to McGregor, moral injury explains the emotional response that women have to the harm of rape, that they are indignant and _________.

. According to the _________ theory of value, no one is worse off after a voluntary exchange; West worries that this makes it hard to see the harms of consensual sex.

. West worries that the dominance of _________ theory in academia further obscures the harms of consensual sex.

Quiz Content