Tongue Muscles (CN XII)

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Tongue Muscles (CN XII)

INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the Neurological Exam
MENTAL STATUS
Mental Status Introduction
Level of Alertness, Attention, and Cooperation
Orientation: A Caveat to Those Who Write "A&O×3"
Memory
Language
Calculations, Right–Left Confusion, Finger Agnosia, Agraphia
Apraxia
Neglect and Constructions
Sequencing Tasks and Frontal Release Signs
Logic and Abstraction
Delusions and Hallucinations
Mood
CRANIAL NERVES
Cranial Nerves Introduction
Olfaction (CN I)
Opthalmoscopic Exam (CN II)
Vision (CN II)
Pupillary Responses (CN II, III)
Extraocular Movements (CN III, IV, VI)
Facial Sensation and Muscles of Mastication (CN V)
Muscles of Facial Expression and Taste (CN VII)
Hearing and Vestibular Sense (CN VIII)
Palate Elevation and Gag Reflex (CN IX, X)
Muscles of Articulation (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles (CN XI)
Tongue Muscles (CN XII)
MOTOR EXAM
Motor Exam Introduction
Observation
Inspection
Palpation
Muscle Tone Testing
Functional Testing
Strength of Individual Muscle Groups
REFLEXES
Reflexes Introduction
Deep Tendon Reflexes
Plantar Response
Finger Flexors
Reflexes Tested in Special Situations
COORDINATION AND GAIT
Coordination and Gait Introduction
Appendicular Coordination
Romberg Test
Gait
SENSORY EXAM
Sensory Exam Introduction
Primary Sensation, Asymmetry, Sensory Level
Cortical Sensation, Including Extinction

Previous Page: Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles (CN XI) Next Page: Motor Exam Introduction

Note any atrophy or fasciculations (spontaneous, quivering movements) of the tongue while it is resting on the floor of the mouth. Ask the patient to stick their tongue straight out and note whether it curves to one side or the other. Ask the patient to move their tongue from side to side and to push it forcefully against the inside of each cheek.

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