Chapter 15 Self Quiz

. According to the useage in the text, "ethics/ethical" and "morality/ moral" are

antonyms.

stylistic variants of each other.

ways of distinguishing between objective versus subjective approaches to right and wrong.

ways of referring to ethical theory, on one hand, and moral theory on the other.

. __________ wrote, "The notion that aid can alleviate systemic poverty, and has done so, is a myth. Millions in Africa are poorer today because of aid; misery and poverty have not ended but increased. Aid has been, and continues to be, an unmitigated political, economic, and humanitarian disaster for most parts of the developing world."

Peter Singer

Kwame Anthony Appiah

Dambisa Moyo

Norman Davies

. Regarding giving to charities, Singer's position is that

it's socially praiseworthy to give money to effective charities.

it's morally praiseworthy to give money to effective charities.

if the typical citizen of a rich country fails to give money to effective charities, she should be socially shamed.

if the typical citizen of a rich country fails to give money to effective charities, she leads an immoral life.

. Although Appiah agrees with Singer that the world's richest inhabitants are duty bound to aid its poorest inhabitants, he disagrees with Singer insofar as he believes that this duty is

limited: the world's richest people, in general, deserve most of their wealth.

subjective: the world's richest people must determine for themselves and their family what seems fair to them.

collective: the world's richest people have a shared duty to aid its poorest.

nationalistic: the world's richest people ought to aid the poorest in their own countries.

. Appiah rejects which of the following premises of Singer's argument?

Suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are very bad.

By donating to aid agencies, the typical citizen of a wealthy country can prevent suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care without sacrificing anything nearly as important.

If it is in a person's power to prevent something very bad from happening without sacrificing anything nearly as important, it is wrong for him or her not to do so.

If the typical citizen of a wealthy country does not donate to aid agencies, he or she is doing something wrong.

. In general, the argument for vegetarianism in the text rests on which of the following premises?

It's wrong to harm animals.

It's wrong to inflict horrible suffering on animals.

It's wrong to use animals as means to our ends.

All of the above

. If two actions or situations are morally different, then they must differ in their

moral properties.

naturalistic properties

morally relevant properties

morally relevant, naturalistic properties.

. One problem with using consciousness as the morally relevant naturalistic property in abortion cases is that

science is not able to determine precisely when consciousness arises, so it is not a naturalistic property.

it can often conflict with a woman's absolute right to her own body.

it seems important to consider not only whether a fetus/child possesses consciousness, but also whether it will possess consciousness in the future.

consciousness is a disputed concept, particularly among materialists.

. In Judith Jarvis Thomson's argument for abortion, she uses an analogy between a fetus and a(n)

violinist.

hamster.

child.

oyster.

. Which of the following is not a naturalistic property?

Having a mass of 80 kilograms

Having a blood pressure of 120/70

Being angry

Being wise

. The text criticizes the claim that it is always morally wrong to kill an innocent person based on

the relative character of moral rules.

the intangible (non-natural) character of human "rights."

self-defense.

All of the above

. __________ believed that there is nothing wrong with "going to the opera when children are dying"

Peter Singer

Kwame Anthony Appiah

Dambisa Moyo

Norman Davies

Quiz Content