Chapter 12 Self Quiz

. A claim is objective, in the sense used by the text, if it is either

true or false.

true or false and its truth or falsity doesnât depend on who makes the claim.

true or false and its truth or falsity doesnât depend on who makes the claim, or the time at which the claim is made.

true or false and its truth or falsity doesnât depend on who makes the claim, or the time or place at which the claim is made.

. Divine command theory is often thought to rest on the premise that every law

must have a lawmaker.

must have citizens to follow it.

is part of a constitution.

is artificial.

. Divine command theoryâs understanding of law has been critiqued by scholars who insist that

the moral law is a fundamental feature of reality.

not every law has citizens who follow it.

all laws are artificial.

All of the above

. Divine command theory offers the benefit of

responding to the challenge of moral skepticism.

easily knowing the right and wrong thing to do.

resolving all disagreements about right and wrong.

All of the above

. Divine command theorists have responded to arguments regarding Godâs capricious and malevolent commands by claiming such commands

being divine, are spiritualia mysteria.

being divine, ought not be questioned.

are simply impossible.

All of the above

. __________ argued, âIf [Godâs] will has any cause, there must be something antecedent to it, and to which it is annexed; this it were impious to imagine. The will of God is the supreme rule of righteousness, so that everything which He wills must be held to be righteous by the mere fact of His willing it. Therefore, when it is asked why the Lord did so, we must answer, because He pleased. But if you proceed farther to ask why He pleased, you ask for something greater and more sublime than the will of God, and nothing such can be found.â

Thomas Aquinas

John Calvin

Linda Zagzebski

A. J. Ayer

. As a theory, descriptive cultural relativism is generally considered

uncontroversial.

false.

unintelligible.

question begging.

. Agent relativism claims that when

itâs said that a personâs action is morally wrong, whatâs meant is that the action is condemned by the ethical code of that personâs culture.

itâs said that a personâs action is morally wrong, what is meant is that the action is condemned by the ethical code of the speakerâs culture.

someone says that an action is morally wrong, what she means is that she personally disapproves of it.

a person says that an action is morally wrong, she means that she would disapprove of it, given ideal conditions.

. __________ seems to entail not always having to even consider someoneâs moral argument.

Divine command theory

Metaethical cultural relativism

Expressivism

Qualified attitude theory

. __________ has a difficulty trying to give a credible account of moral disagreement and discussion.

Divine command theory

Simple subjectivism

Metaethical cultural relativism

The qualified attitude theory

. According to emotivism, âstealing is wrongâ means more or less the same as

thou shalt not steal.

stealing is wrong to me.

stealing is wrong in my culture.

âboo to stealing!â

. The qualified attitude theory does not include which of the following among its ideal conditions?

A person is fully informed about the relevant facts.

A person has constructed a well formed, deductive argument.

A person is psychologically normal, sober, and not suffering from a psychological disorder that affects moral feelings or reasoning.

A person is not biased by self-interest.

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