Chapter 4 Practice Quizzes

. In her research on the relationship between body image and self-esteem, Carol Gilligan noted how female self-esteem declines during which age?

. Who believed that children develop their sense of self by internalizing values and behaviours modelled by 'others' in their lives?

. What term is defined by the concept that the greater part of who we are is determined by our genes?

. Which theory states that if you do something and it is rewarded, the likelihood of you doing it again is reinforced?

. The ________ takes in the messages about right and wrong thinking and behavours that parents, family, friends, teachers, and other socializing agents teach the child and internalizes them as normative moral concepts.

. Each social class develops a wide range of socially acquired characteristics for manners and good taste. What name did Pierre Bourdieu give for this behaviour?

. Mead identified a developmental sequence for socialization, just as Freud and Erikson did. Mead's sequence is:

. What term did George Herbert Mead use to refer to key individuals—such as parents and older siblings—whom children imitate and model themselves after?

. Which of the following is not a component of the looking-glass self?

. Melvin Kohn's study investigated the relationship between ______ and the way parents socialized their children.

. By encouraging a degree of conformity, peer pressure helps children develop friendships and find acceptance among others their own age, fostering self-confidence and independence.

. Young people in cultures characterized by broad socialization face greater pressure from families, from the authorities, and from society in general.

. Huesmann's desensitization theory states that children acquire aggressive scripts for social problems through watching violence on television.

. Research has found that the social location of the teacher (gender, age, ethnicity) does not have a powerful effect on the educational socialization of the student as once thought.

. According to Elkind,the notion of hurried child syndromeargues that kids feel adult-like levels of stress and guilt when spontaneous play is replaced with organized sports and extracurriculars.

. A funeral is a rite of passage.

. A status set plays the greatest role in the formation of one's social identity. The status set dominates all other statuses in most social contexts.

. For the behaviourist, the social environment is the prime mover in the development of personality.

. Agency implies that all people have a certain amount of choice above and beyond the effects of nature or nurture.

. The earliest socialization we undergo in infancy and childhood is generally known as secondary socialization.

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