Chapter 14 Study Outline

1. Established older artists
   1. Johnny Cash (1932‒2003)

1. Run DMC: trio consisting of MCs Run (Joseph Simmons, b. 1964), and DMC (Darryl McDaniels, b. 1964), and the DJ Jam Master Jay (Jason Mizell, 1965-2002)
   1. Listening Guide: “Walk This Way”
      1. Written by Joe Perry and Steven Tyler; performed by Run-D.M.C. with Perry and Tyler (from Aerosmith) (recorded 1986)
2.  Beastie Boys
3.  Public Enemy
   1. Two MCs: Chuck D (Carlton Ridenhour, b. 1960), Flavor Flav (William Drayton, b. 1959)
   2. DJ: Terminator X (Norman Lee Rogers, b. 1966)
   3. “Minster of Information”: Professor Griff (Richard Griffin, b. 1960)

1. Gangsta rap
   1. M.C. Hammer (Stanley Kirk Burrell, b. 1962)
   2. Vanilla Ice (Robert Van Winkle, b. 1968)
   3. Late 1980s
      1. Southern California
         1. Ice-T (Tracy Marrow, b. 1958)
      2. Emergence of West Coast gangsta rap
         1. WA. (Niggaz With Attitude)
            1. Group formed in 1986 with O’Shea “Ice Cube” Jackson (b. 1969), Andre “Dr. Dre” Young (b. 1965) and Eric “Easy-E” Wright (1973-1995)
            2. Snoop Doggy Dogg (Calvin Broadus, b. 1972)

2. Listening Guide: “What’s My Name?”

   1. Written by George Clinton, Gary Shider, Snoop Dogg, and David Spradley; produced by Dr. Dre; performed by Snoop Doggy Dogg (recorded 1993)

3. Mid-1990s: violent eruption of conflicts between East and West Coast factions within the hip-hop business

   1. Marion “Suge” Knight, CEP of Death Row Records (Los Angeles)
      1. Tupac (2Pac) Shakur (1971‒1996)
   2. “Sean “Puffy” Combs (also called Puff Daddy or P. Diddy), CEP of New York based Bad Boy Records
      1. Notorious B.I.G. (Christopher Wallace, also called Biggie Smalls, 1972‒1997)
   3. Gangsta rap: chronicled dilemmas of urban communities: poverty, drug addiction, violence from a first-person, present-tense viewpoint

Box 14.1: Hip-Hop, Sampling, and the Law

1. Increasing sophistication and affordability of digital sampling technology made it possible for rap producers to weave sound textures out of pre-recorded materials

Queen Latifah

1. Queen Latifah (b. 1970)
   1. Listening Guide: “U.N.I.T.Y.”
      1. Written by Queen Latifah and Kier “Kay Gee” Gist (released 1994)

Eminem

1. Marshal “Eminem” Mathers (b. 1972)
   1. Unique Figure in history of rap music

Techno: Dance Music in the Digital Age

1. Electronic dance music (EDM)
2. Raves
3. House music

Alternate Currents

1. Hundreds of named genres
2. Alternative Rock, 1980s‒1990s
   1. Hardcore
      1. Listening Guide: “Holiday in Cambodia”
         1. Written and performed by the Dead Kennedys (recorded 1980)
         2. Good example of early 1980s hardcore punk rock
         3. Jello Biafra (Eric Boucher, b. 1959): lead singer
   2.  Thrash
   3. Nirvana: band from Pacific Northwest made up of singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain (1967‒1994), bassist Krist Novoselic (b. 1965), drummer Dave Grohl (b. 1969)
      1. Grunge rock
      2. Listening Guide: “Smells Like Teen Spirit”
         1. Music by Nirvana; lyrics by Kurt Cobain; performed by Nirvana (recorded 1991)

3. Box 14.2: The “Seattle Sound”

   1. Regional sounds have played an important part in the history of popular music

4. Women’s Voices: Alternative Folk, Hip-Hop, and Country

   1. Ani DiFranco (b. 1970)
   2. Lauryn Hill (b. 1975)
      1. Listening Guide: “Doo Wop (That Thing)”
         1. Written and performed by Lauryn Hill (recorded 1998)
   3. k.d. lang (b. 1961) Listening Guide: “Nowhere to Stand”
      1. Written by k.d. lang;
         1. performed by k.d. lang and the Reclines (recorded 1989)
   4.  Bikini Kill
      1. At the forefront of the riot grrrl movement

Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music: Approaches to Tradition

1. Country and western: one of the most popular genres of American music
2. George Strait (b. 1952), Alan Jackson (b. 1958), Toby Keith (b. 1961)
3. Taylor Swift (b. 1989)
4. Gretchen Wilson (b. 1973)

Box 14.3: More Country Alternatives: O Brother Where Art Thou? and the Resurgence of Bluegrass

1. O Brother Where Art Thou? (2000)
   1. Ralph Stanley (b. 1927)
   2. Alison Krauss (b. 1971)
      1. Union Station

Latina Superstars of the 1990s: Gloria Estefan and Selena

1. Two female superstars: Gloria Estefan (b. 1957) and Selena (1971‒1995)
2. Enrique Iglesias (b. 1975)

Globalization and the Rise of World Music

1. World music
   1. Ravi Shankar (1920‒2012)
   2. King Sunny Adé (b. 1946)