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. Which is correct? Article 6 ECHR covers…

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. Which of the following is not specifically included in the list of five foundational principles of criminal evidence identified by Roberts and Zuckerman?

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. Which of the following statements gives a correct account of the judgement in R v Hunt (1987) in cases where the courts have to decide whether the statute requires a shift of the burden of proof?

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. Which case does this scenario apply to?
The defendant was charged with breaching provisions of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, following an accident in which an employee who was driving a dumper truck was killed when the lorry load fell on him. The House of Lords considered the allocation of the burden of proving the statutory defence, that it was not reasonably practicable for the employer to do more than in fact was done. The House held that it was for the defendant employer to prove it was not reasonably practicable to provide safe conditions.

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. Which of the following statements is correct?

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. Ruby is being questioned at the police station by two detectives. She is suspected of having thrown her pet dog Alice down the cellar stairs. A duty solicitor is present at the interview. The detectives question Ruby in a hectoring manner for eight hours continually and deliberately refuse the solicitor's requests for rest and meal breaks. Ruby denies the charge and claims Alice had fallen down the stairs since the cellar door had been accidentally left open. Finally, Ruby, exhausted, shouts back that she had been angry at Alice's barking while she was watching TV and that she had pushed Alice down into the cellar. Ruby is now charged with animal cruelty. Advise Ruby.

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. In A v Secretary of State for the Home Department (No 2) (2006) the House of Lords held that evidence obtained by torture was not admissible in English courts. Which of the following propositions is correct?

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. The following list includes the test set out in R v Smurthwaite (1994) for the treatment of evidence allegedly obtained by entrapment. Which item is wrongly included?

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. S101(1) CJA 2003 contains seven 'gateways' to admissibility of bad character evidence of the defendant. Which of the following statutory sections is correctly cited in the four 'gateways' below?

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. Which of the following statements about s98 Criminal Justice Act 2003 is correct in its reference to behaviour of the defendant which is not included in the definition of his bad character?

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. Which of the following statements is correct?

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. In R v Blastland (1986) B was charged with murder. He wished to adduce evidence that another man had made various statements suggesting he had knowledge of the murder before it was made public. Munday (Cross and Tapper on Evidence, 13th edn OUP, 2018, p584) commented, 'The House of Lords held evidence of such knowledge inadmissible, adopting a very narrow view of its relevance'. Munday cites in a footnote a possible statutory route to such evidence in some cases. Which is the section he cites?

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. Which of the following statements is correct in relation to anonymous witnesses?

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. Which of the following is correct in relation to child witnesses in civil proceedings?

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. Which case is the leading authority for the proposition that the judge must give a mandatory warning where identification evidence is disputed?

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. Are the police allowed to show a witness a photograph of a suspect?

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. Which of the following propositions can be found in the court's ruling in R v Robb (1991) concerned with the admissibility of expert evidence on voice recognition?

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. Larry is facing trial for conspiracy to receive stolen goods. The prosecution case is that he had conspired with Sajid to accept a consignment of computer chips stolen from a warehouse in an armed robbery. L pleads not guilty and claims not to know Sajid. He says he ordered the chips in good faith from a regular lawful supplier. The police in an undercover operation had secured CCTV footage of a phone conversation between L and an unknown person. The sound on the video footage has however been drowned out by loud music. The prosecution wish to adduce evidence from an expert in lip-reading, Jennifer, who will state that the words 'Saj' and 'chips' are decipherable on the video. Advise on this evidence.

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. Gloria is facing trial, charged with dealing in proscribed drugs. She denies the charge. Two police officers claim to have identified her selling Ecstasy tablets outside a local shop. She disputes their identification and demands disclosure of the premises from which they carried out the surveillance. Advise Gloria

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. Which of the following propositions correctly outlines the approach of the European Court of Human Rights to Public Interest Immunity claims in criminal cases?

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. Which of the following is a correct account of the authority for the privilege against self-incrimination?

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. Which is the correct account of the ratio in R v Hertfordshire CC ex p Green Environmental Industries Ltd (2000)?

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