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The Concept of Foreign Policy
9.01. The homepage of the Foreign Policy Association provides information about many different foreign policy topics, including defence and security, global development and terrorism.
9.02. U.S. Diplomatic History Resources Index provides links to the homepages of several foreign ministries as well as a comprehensive collection of documents related to foreign policy.
9.03. Click here for introductory resources on US foreign policy.
9.04. Click here for access to a comprehensive collection of documents related to American Foreign Policy. The documents, which are primarily from the Cold War period, are provided by Mount Holyoke College.
9.05. Here, the US State Department provides an introduction to the foundations of American foreign policy 1969-72.
9.06. For information about EU’s foreign policy, click here. The site is maintained by the EU.
9.07. For a discussion of whether globalization has made nations redundant, click here to read an essay written by Noëlle Burgi and Philip S. Golub. The essay is provided by Global Policy Forum.
Foreign-Policy Analysis
9.08. Click here to visit the homepage of Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA). Among other things, the website provides access to a wide range of reports, studies and articles related to foreign policy analysis.
9.09. Click here to read the paper “Approaches to the Study of Foreign Policy Derived from International Relations Theory”. The paper, which is written by Volker Rittberger, is provided by the University of Tubingen.
9.10. Here, you can read Niccoló Machiavelli’s famous book The Prince. The on-line version of the book is provided by Fordham University.
9.11. Click here for a comprehensive collection of links to websites on Hugo Grotius. Among other things, you can read about Grotius’ famous book On the Law of War and Peace. The website is hosted by Stanford University.
9.12. “George F. Kennan on the Web” provides online access to several articles written by George F. Kennan as well as a short biography of Kennan.
9.13. Click here to read “The US and the World: An Interview with George Kennan”. Kennan was interviewed by New York Review of Books on August 12, 1999.
9.14. Click here to read a biography of Henry Kissinger. The site also contains Kissinger’s articles, speeches and interviews.
9.15. Here, ‘Third World Traveler’ provides access to “[s]everal articles and book excerpts critical of the former Secretary of State [i.e. Kissinger], and links for related websites”.
9.16. In the essay “Hans Morgenthau and the Iraq war: realism versus neo-conservatism”, John J. Mearsheimer discusses whether the classical realism advocated by Morgenthau supports the Iraq war. The essay is provided by Open Democracy.
9.17. Here, Wikipedia provides a short introduction to the term Realpolitik.
9.18. Click here to read the paper “Understanding the Common Foreign and Security Policy: Analytical Building Blocks”. The paper is written by Helene Sjursen and is provided by ARENA.
9.19. In their paper “Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations”, Valerie Hudson argues that “all that occurs between nations and across nations is grounded in human decision makers acting singly or in groups”.
9.20. Click here to read a paper written by Robert O. Keohane. The paper is entitled “Pathways to Fulfillment of Commitments in US Foreign Policy” and is provided by Duke University. Please note that the paper is a draft.
9.21. For a discussion of realist and liberal influences on US foreign policy debates, click here to read an essay written by Robert S. Litwak. The essay is entitled “The Imperial Republic after 9/11” and is provided by the Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars.
9.22. Click here to read a paper written by Lisbeth Aggestam in which she “explores the prospects for a European foreign policy by comparing identity and the role conceptions among British, French and German policy-makers in the 1990s”. The paper is provided by ARENA.
9.23. Here, you can read a paper written by Henning Boekle, Volker Rittberger and Wolfgang Wagner. The paper is entitled “Norms and Foreign Policy: Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory” and is provided by University of Tubingen.
9.24. In his articles for Foreign Policy, Stephen Walt discusses foreign policy from a realist perspective. Walt discusses very contemporary issues and updates almost every day.
9.25. Click here for an analysis of “Russian Foreign Policy Discourse during the Kosovo Crisis”. The paper is written by Guillaume Colin and is provided CERI.
Foreign Policy Choices
9.26. For thorough information about the Cyprus problem, click here to visit the homepage of Kypros-Net.
9.27. Here, you can read another article on US foreign policy towards North Korea. The article, which is written by William R. Polk, is entitled “North Korea, Iran and the United States: The Dangerous Games Nations Play” and is provided by Japan Focus.
9.28. For an assessment of the future of US foreign policy towards North Korea, click here to read a transcript from a virtual meeting hosted by the Council for Foreign Relations.
9.29. The MidEast Web provides a “Concise Overview of Recent Israeli-Palestinian History” as well as timelines and information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
9.30. Click here for a comprehensive timeline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and Peace process.
9.31. Click here to read the press statement “A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict”. The press statement is provided by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
9.32. Scroll through the articles, statistics and academic papers on Kosovo to get a comprehensive overview of the events leading up to the Kosovo crisis in 1999 (as well as newer articles). This homepage is provided by crisisgroup.org.
9.33. This website provides information of the early military campaign in Kosovo. Furthermore, Google “CNN Allied Force Index Kosovo”. This provides a range of articles on the allied forces’ military campaign in the spring of 1999.
9.34. On this site, NATO provides information about its role in Kosovo, from the historical background to the most recent events.
9.35. Click here for a paper, “The Politics of Legitimacy in International Relations: A Critical Examination of NATO’s Intervention in Kosovo”, which discusses the legitimacy of NATO’s 1999 intervention in Kosovo. The paper is written by Hideaki Shinoda and is provided by The Global Site.
9.36. Here, you can read “A Review of NATO’s War over Kosovo”, written by Noam Chomsky. The article, which presents a critical view of the NATO air strikes, was published in Z Magazine, 2001.
9.37. The homepage of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) provides information about the organization as well as links to publications and issues related to the activities of NATO.
9.38. In his paper “Is Cold War Experience Applicable to Southern Asia”, Michael Krepon provides information about nuclear risk reduction during the Cold War as well as an assessment of whether the same measures can be used today. The link is provided by The Stimson Center.
9.39. The National Security Archive at the George Washington University maintains a comprehensive collection of on-line documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
9.40. For an assessment of the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), click here to read Col. Alan J. Parrington’s article “Mutually Assured Destruction Revisited: Strategic Doctrine in Question”. The article was published in Aerospace Power Journal in 1997 and is provided by Homeland Security Digital Library.
9.41. The homepage of the Terrorism Research Center provides information about terrorists, terrorist attacks as well as several papers on terrorism.
9.42. Another comprehensive website on terrorism is provided by the Council on Foreign Relations.
America’s National Security Strategy
9.43. Here, Greenfield History site provides information about the Truman doctrine and the policy of containment.
9.44. For more information about the US policy of containment during the Cold War, click here to read the article “Containment: 40 Years Later: Introduction”. The article is written by William G. Hyland and is provided by Foreign Affairs.
9.45. For a short introduction to deterrence, click here to read Wikipedia’s article.
9.46. Click here to read George W. Bush’s “National Security Strategy of the United States of America” (September 20, 2002).
For the latest document, click here to read Donald J. Trump’s “National Security Strategy of the United States of America” (December 2017).
9.47. Here, you can read the US National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (February 2003).
Click here for to read the latest version of the US National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (October 2018).
9.48. In his essay “Toward Universal Empire: The Dangerous Quest for Absolute Security”, David C. Hendrickson provides an analysis of US foreign policy after September 11. The essay was published in World Policy Journal, Fall 2002.
9.49. For a critique of the doctrine of pre-emption, click here to read an article written by Ivo H. Daalder and James Lindsay. The article was published in Los Angeles Times.
9.50. For another critique of the doctrine of pre-emption, click here to read an essay written by Douglas Kellner. The essay is entitled “Preemptive Strikes and the War on Iraq: A Critique of Bush Administration Unilateralism and Militarism” and is provided by UCLA.
9.51. Here, Joseph Nye provides a discussion of unilateralism versus multilateralism as a foreign policy strategy. The article is provided by Project Syndicate.
9.52. Click here to read a paper on “U.S. Policy and Practice Regarding Multilateral Peace Operations”. The paper is written by Sarah B. Sewall and is provided by Harvard University.
9.53. On this website, Oklahoma Department of Libraries provides links to US Government Documents on Terrorism and September 11, 2001.
9.55. This site contains “an in-depth examination of the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf crisis” made by FRONTLINE.
9.56. Click here to read Wikipedia’s introduction to the Gulf War
9.57. Click here to read the ‘Report on the Conduct of the Persian Gulf War’ presented in 1992 to the American Congress.
Think Tanks
9.58. Click here to read Wikipedia’s comprehensive outline of Foreign policy and strategic think tanks in the United States
9.59. Here, you can read an analysis of “The Role of Think Tanks in U.S. Foreign Policy”. The analysis is produced by the US Department of State.
9.60. Click here to read the essay “Think Tanks, Public Policy and the Politics of Expertise” by Andrew Rich.
9.61. Here, Brookings Institute provides a short biography of Ivo Daalder as well as links to online texts written by Daalder.
9.62. Click here to visit the home page of the Carnegie Endowment
9.63. Click here to access the homepage of Thomas Friedman which, among other things, contains several links to columns written by Friedman.
9.64. In the essay “The Fabrications of Thomas Friedman”, John Chuckman discusses Thomas Friedman’s view on US foreign policy towards Israel. The essay is provided by Counterpunch.
9.65. You can read a number of articles written by Michael Hirsh here.
9.66. Click here to read the essay “How to Escape the Oil Trap” written by Fareed Zakaria.
9.67. Click here to access the homepage of the think tank The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace.
9.68. Another think tank, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, provides research about e.g. Africa and the Middle East. The Royal Institute of International Affairs is also known as Chatham House.
9.69. Here, you can access the website of the Canadian International Council (CIC).
9.70. “The AIIA is an independent, non-profit organisation seeking to promote interest in and understanding of international affairs in Australia”. Click here to visit the homepage of the Australian Institute of International Affairs.
9.71. Click here to access the foreign policy section at the homepage of the Brookings Institution.
9.72. Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights. Click here to visit the homepage of Amnesty International.