Chapter 23 Quiz B with Explanations

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. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain during the last decades of the eighteenth century?

Britain had a culture of technical innovators. correct incorrect

Britain had a strong intellectual base in theoretical science. correct incorrect

Britain had a highly developed educational system. correct incorrect

Britain had steady access to wind and water power. correct incorrect

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. How did slavery contribute to industrial development at the end of the eighteenth century?

Slaves working in factories, lowering labor costs considerably. correct incorrect

The end of slavery brought a new need for agricultural machinery. correct incorrect

Slaves were important consumers of manufactured goods. correct incorrect

Profits from the slave trade were invested into industrial development and commerce. correct incorrect

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. In the late eighteenth century, French inventor Honoré Blanc developed interchangeable parts for which industry?

Textile correct incorrect

Shoe correct incorrect

Weapon correct incorrect

Clock correct incorrect

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. What characterized the "second" Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century?

It revolved around the expansion of production of consumer goods. correct incorrect

It was centered on heavy industry and new sources of energy. correct incorrect

It was a period of industrial expansion in Africa and Latin America. correct incorrect

It focused on the production of new and more powerful military technologies. correct incorrect

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. How was industrial development different in the United States than in Germany during the late nineteenth century?

It relied on individual initiative rather than state-sponsored development. correct incorrect

It was much slower due to limited resources. correct incorrect

It focused mostly on textiles rather than heavy machinery. correct incorrect

It was driven mostly by investment from Europe, especially Britain. correct incorrect

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. What acted as the catalyst for Japanese industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century?

War with China correct incorrect

Policy changes by the Tokugawa shogun correct incorrect

Internal commercial pressures correct incorrect

The arrival of American warships correct incorrect

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. In what ways did governments respond to the global recession that started in the 1870s?

They promoted free trade and bought manufactured goods to encourage employment. correct incorrect

They enacted policies to boost growth in employment and manufacturing. correct incorrect

They placed tariffs on imports and developed new methods to limit investors' liability. correct incorrect

They promoted consumption by lowering taxes and encouraging investment. correct incorrect

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. Who made up the "white-collar" service sector that emerged in industrialized countries during the late 1800s?

Factory workers correct incorrect

Managers and office workers correct incorrect

Factory owners correct incorrect

Researchers and scientists correct incorrect

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. Starting in the nineteenth century, what did Western nations do to gain access to markets and raw materials?

They built large merchant fleets. correct incorrect

They produced high-quality trade goods. correct incorrect

They used their military superiority. correct incorrect

They encouraged free trade. correct incorrect

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. What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing concluded between Britain and China in 1842?

It significantly altered the balance of power to favor the Europeans. correct incorrect

It banned the sale of opium in China in exchange for open ports. correct incorrect

It established a military alliance between Britain and China. correct incorrect

It led to lower tariffs on Chinese goods entering Europe. correct incorrect

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. What stifled Chinese efforts to Westernize under Zeng Guofan and other officials after the failure of the Taiping Rebellion?

Interference by European powers. correct incorrect

The conservativeness of the imperial government. correct incorrect

Financial constraints due to an antiquated tax system. correct incorrect

A lack of qualified bureaucrats to carry out reform. correct incorrect

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. In what industry were Ottoman manufacturers especially hard hit by European competition in the nineteenth century?

Ceramic correct incorrect

Metallurgy correct incorrect

Carpentry correct incorrect

Textile correct incorrect

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. What do many scholars believe caused Africa to remain underdeveloped during the nineteenth century?

The lack of investment in infrastructure by local governments correct incorrect

The exhaustion of gold mines in West Africa, which led to declining state revenues correct incorrect

The expansion of slavery in West Africa to produce raw materials for export correct incorrect

The introduction of new European weapons, which led to new rounds of destructive warfare correct incorrect

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. The middle class expanded in the nineteenth century through the inclusion of

professionals from the sciences and other fields that utilized scientific methods. correct incorrect

members from the declining agrarian-based aristocracy. correct incorrect

white-collar workers who owned property. correct incorrect

factory workers whose wages had gone up substantially during the period. correct incorrect

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. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, rapid urban growth due to industrialization led to

the establishment of many new cities in Europe. correct incorrect

often horrific living conditions for the working class. correct incorrect

factories and workers being moved to the country side. correct incorrect

a boom in the construction of safe and affordable housing. correct incorrect

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. Why were women factory and white-collar workers paid less than men?

It became a common belief that women's work was worth less than men's. correct incorrect

Women were legally required to work fewer hours than men. correct incorrect

Women's wages reflected the transitory nature of women workers. correct incorrect

Women were not allowed to join and benefit from unions. correct incorrect

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. Which group wanted to build perfect communities based upon technological progress in the nineteenth century?

Capitalists correct incorrect

Luddites correct incorrect

Utopian socialists correct incorrect

Conservatives correct incorrect

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. Which American author influenced some of the Russian elite to call for an end to serfdom in the nineteenth century?

Mark Twain correct incorrect

Charles Dickens correct incorrect

Louisa May Alcott correct incorrect

Harriet Beecher Stowe correct incorrect

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. Women on the west coast of Africa were instrumental in the production of what crop?

Cotton correct incorrect

Cassava correct incorrect

Rice correct incorrect

Potatoes correct incorrect

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. How were African slave women important to the agricultural development of the southern United States?

They adapted food products and technologies from Africa to their new natural environments. correct incorrect

They were the main source of labor on cotton and indigo plantations. correct incorrect

They brought important knowledge of agricultural diseases from Africa. correct incorrect

They were first to adapt African irrigation technology to swamplands. correct incorrect