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Return to World in the Making Volume 2 Student Resources
Chapter 23 Quiz B with Explanations
Quiz Content
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Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain during the last decades of the eighteenth century?
Britain had a culture of technical innovators.
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Britain had a strong intellectual base in theoretical science.
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Britain had a highly developed educational system.
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Britain had steady access to wind and water power.
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How did slavery contribute to industrial development at the end of the eighteenth century?
Slaves working in factories, lowering labor costs considerably.
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The end of slavery brought a new need for agricultural machinery.
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Slaves were important consumers of manufactured goods.
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Profits from the slave trade were invested into industrial development and commerce.
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In the late eighteenth century, French inventor Honoré Blanc developed interchangeable parts for which industry?
Textile
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Shoe
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Weapon
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Clock
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What characterized the "second" Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century?
It revolved around the expansion of production of consumer goods.
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It was centered on heavy industry and new sources of energy.
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It was a period of industrial expansion in Africa and Latin America.
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It focused on the production of new and more powerful military technologies.
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How was industrial development different in the United States than in Germany during the late nineteenth century?
It relied on individual initiative rather than state-sponsored development.
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It was much slower due to limited resources.
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It focused mostly on textiles rather than heavy machinery.
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It was driven mostly by investment from Europe, especially Britain.
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What acted as the catalyst for Japanese industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century?
War with China
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Policy changes by the Tokugawa shogun
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Internal commercial pressures
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The arrival of American warships
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In what ways did governments respond to the global recession that started in the 1870s?
They promoted free trade and bought manufactured goods to encourage employment.
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They enacted policies to boost growth in employment and manufacturing.
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They placed tariffs on imports and developed new methods to limit investors' liability.
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They promoted consumption by lowering taxes and encouraging investment.
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Who made up the "white-collar" service sector that emerged in industrialized countries during the late 1800s?
Factory workers
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Managers and office workers
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Factory owners
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Researchers and scientists
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Starting in the nineteenth century, what did Western nations do to gain access to markets and raw materials?
They built large merchant fleets.
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They produced high-quality trade goods.
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They used their military superiority.
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They encouraged free trade.
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What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing concluded between Britain and China in 1842?
It significantly altered the balance of power to favor the Europeans.
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It banned the sale of opium in China in exchange for open ports.
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It established a military alliance between Britain and China.
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It led to lower tariffs on Chinese goods entering Europe.
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What stifled Chinese efforts to Westernize under Zeng Guofan and other officials after the failure of the Taiping Rebellion?
Interference by European powers.
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The conservativeness of the imperial government.
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Financial constraints due to an antiquated tax system.
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A lack of qualified bureaucrats to carry out reform.
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In what industry were Ottoman manufacturers especially hard hit by European competition in the nineteenth century?
Ceramic
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Metallurgy
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Carpentry
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Textile
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What do many scholars believe caused Africa to remain underdeveloped during the nineteenth century?
The lack of investment in infrastructure by local governments
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The exhaustion of gold mines in West Africa, which led to declining state revenues
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The expansion of slavery in West Africa to produce raw materials for export
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The introduction of new European weapons, which led to new rounds of destructive warfare
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The middle class expanded in the nineteenth century through the inclusion of
professionals from the sciences and other fields that utilized scientific methods.
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members from the declining agrarian-based aristocracy.
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white-collar workers who owned property.
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factory workers whose wages had gone up substantially during the period.
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In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, rapid urban growth due to industrialization led to
the establishment of many new cities in Europe.
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often horrific living conditions for the working class.
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factories and workers being moved to the country side.
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a boom in the construction of safe and affordable housing.
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Why were women factory and white-collar workers paid less than men?
It became a common belief that women's work was worth less than men's.
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Women were legally required to work fewer hours than men.
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Women's wages reflected the transitory nature of women workers.
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Women were not allowed to join and benefit from unions.
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Which group wanted to build perfect communities based upon technological progress in the nineteenth century?
Capitalists
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Luddites
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Utopian socialists
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Conservatives
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Which American author influenced some of the Russian elite to call for an end to serfdom in the nineteenth century?
Mark Twain
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Charles Dickens
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Louisa May Alcott
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Women on the west coast of Africa were instrumental in the production of what crop?
Cotton
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Cassava
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Rice
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Potatoes
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How were African slave women important to the agricultural development of the southern United States?
They adapted food products and technologies from Africa to their new natural environments.
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They were the main source of labor on cotton and indigo plantations.
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They brought important knowledge of agricultural diseases from Africa.
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They were first to adapt African irrigation technology to swamplands.
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