Chapter 21 Quiz A with Explanations

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. In the sixteenth century, Spanish lawyers in the Americas were instrumental in

establishing a sophisticated bureaucracy. correct incorrect

protecting the native population from exploitation. correct incorrect

founding educational institutions in major cities. correct incorrect

eliminating social distinction based on place of birth. correct incorrect

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. What was the purpose of the encomienda system in New Spain?

It protected native Americas from exploitation. correct incorrect

It provided direct income for the crown. correct incorrect

It provided Spaniards with free labor and tribute from native Americans. correct incorrect

It provided a system for the replacement of native labor with African slaves. correct incorrect

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. During the early modern era, the Spanish crown's economic policy toward its colonies was based on

free trade. correct incorrect

silver exports only. correct incorrect

industrial development. correct incorrect

mercantilism. correct incorrect

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. Why did the Spanish government seek to protect the native inhabitants of Spanish America but ignore the plight of the slave population?

Government policy was influenced by the Church. correct incorrect

Native Americans were a source of government income. correct incorrect

Native Americans were important sources of labor. correct incorrect

Government policy favored the preservation of native culture. correct incorrect

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. Despite the patriarchal structure of Spanish American society, what gave some elite women financial security and independence?

Freedom to remarry correct incorrect

Many servant jobs correct incorrect

Returning to Spain correct incorrect

Spanish inheritance law correct incorrect

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. Which Portuguese colony became a major destination for immigrants after the discovery of gold and diamonds at the beginning of the eighteenth century?

Angola correct incorrect

Goa correct incorrect

Brazil correct incorrect

Macao correct incorrect

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. How was mining in the Brazilian gold fields different from mining in Spanish Mexico or Peru?

African slaves became the only source of labor for mining. correct incorrect

Royal control over mining was much weaker in Brazil. correct incorrect

It had far less of an environmental impact. correct incorrect

It relied mostly on Portuguese immigrants for labor. correct incorrect

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. New Christians in Brazil who were investigated by the Inquisition during the sixteenth century were often formerly of what faith?

Protestantism correct incorrect

Judaism correct incorrect

Vodoun correct incorrect

Islam correct incorrect

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. Who were the inhabitants of the sixteenth-century community of Palmares in Brazil?

The French correct incorrect

Maroons correct incorrect

The Dutch correct incorrect

New Christians correct incorrect

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. After 1600, permanent colonies were established in the Caribbean by the Dutch, English, and

Portuguese. correct incorrect

Spanish. correct incorrect

Russians. correct incorrect

French. correct incorrect

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. Which British colony in the Caribbean became a leading producer of sugar in the late seventeenth century?

Tortuga correct incorrect

St. Domingue correct incorrect

Barbados correct incorrect

Suriname correct incorrect

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. Before the introduction of large numbers of African slaves into the Caribbean during the eighteenth century, on whom did French, Dutch, and English plantation owners rely for labor?

They used indentured European servants. correct incorrect

They imported native Americans from New Spain. correct incorrect

They used Portuguese and Spanish prisoners of war. correct incorrect

They relied solely on the native Taino people. correct incorrect

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. Marronage, or slave flight, was most successful in the Caribbean in

islands with large ports. correct incorrect

islands with large mulatto populations. correct incorrect

islands with large interiors. correct incorrect

islands with few colonial troops. correct incorrect

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. Which sixteenth-century city was the center of New France?

St. Lawrence correct incorrect

Quebec correct incorrect

New York correct incorrect

Jamestown correct incorrect

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. What contributed to the failure of the Jamestown settlement in the seventeenth century?

Conflict with native Americans correct incorrect

Failure of the tobacco crop correct incorrect

A lack of supply of indentured servants correct incorrect

French intervention in the region correct incorrect

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. The production of rum became a major commercial activity in eighteenth-century

Maryland. correct incorrect

the Carolinas. correct incorrect

Newfoundland. correct incorrect

New England. correct incorrect

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. What characterized seventeenth-century North American back-country claimed by France?

It was under the strict control of crown representatives from Quebec. correct incorrect

It was the scene of almost constant military conflict between Britain and France. correct incorrect

It offered equal opportunity regardless of race, religion, culture, or gender. correct incorrect

It provided few economic benefits, so it remained sparsely populated. correct incorrect

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. During the seventeenth-century what did the authorities in Dutch Suriname do to discourage marronage, or slave flight?

Fences and guard towers were built around plantations. correct incorrect

Captured slaves received capital punishment. correct incorrect

Large rewards were given to slave hunters. correct incorrect

Christian missionaries encouraged slaves to remain on plantations. correct incorrect

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. According to some scholars, Suriname's maroon culture can be linked to

its struggle with Dutch colonialism. correct incorrect

its West Central African roots. correct incorrect

its interaction with indigenous peoples. correct incorrect

its contact with the Caribbean. correct incorrect