Chapter 19 Quiz A with Explanations

. In the sixteenth century, the major source of soldiers for the Ottoman janissary corps was

Turkic nomadic groups.

the urban unemployed.

the timar system.

the devshirme.

. Which Ottoman ruler captured the Byzantine capital on Constantinople in 1453, conquered much of the Balkans, then went on to attack southern Italy in 1480?

Suleiman the Magnificent

Selim I

Murad III

Mehmed II

. What was the significance of the Battle of Lepanto in 1571?

It showed that European naval technology was superior to that of the Ottomans.

It signified the beginning of the end of Ottoman naval power in the Eastern Mediterranean.

It led to the deposition of the Ottoman sultan, Selim II, by the janissary corps.

It contributed to a papal call for a new crusade to take Jerusalem from the Ottomans.

. Why were the Ottomans unable to conquer the Safavid Empire in the sixteenth century?

Faced with invasion, the Safavids practiced a "scorched earth" policy of laying waste to and burning their land, which made Ottoman territorial advances difficult.

The Ottomans' war against the Hapsburgs drew away too many resources.

The Safavid army proved to be a match both in technology and size.

Ottoman succession disputes hampered the effectiveness of the janissary corps.

. Which group began to have more political power after the ascension of the Ottoman ruler Mehmed IV in 1648?

The janissary corps

The religious class

Imperial women

Bureaucrats

. In addition to occupying a respectable level in Ottoman society, Ottoman merchants enjoyed

well-funded trading infrastructure.

access to New World goods.

a good banking system.

comparatively low taxes to other states.

. Regarding its policy toward religious minorities, how was the Ottoman Empire similar to the Mughal Empire?

They both encouraged religious minorities to serve in the military.

They both forced religious minorities to convert.

They both practiced tolerance toward religious minorities.

They both relegated religious minorities to isolated communities.

. What contributed to the population growth in Europe during the sixteenth century?

Government spending on sanitation led to less disease.

New food products were introduced from the Americas.

Warmer climatic conditions promoted longer growing seasons.

New agricultural technologies led to greater yields.

. What accounted for a low overall life expectancy in early modern Europe?

The Black Death

High infant mortality

Warfare

Poor diet

. Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin were sixteenth-century leaders in what European religious movement?

Protestantism

Humanism

Monasticism

Catholic conservatism

. What was the result of the Council of Trent, which met from 1545 to 1563?

It banned the use of papal indulgences and ended monasticism.

It sought to bring the Protestant movement back into the Catholic Church.

It encouraged Catholic rulers to use force against Protestantism.

It reaffirmed Church tradition in the face of Protestant criticism.

. How did Phillip II of Spain facilitate the centralization of Spain during the sixteenth century?

He replaced the local nobility with his own supporters.

He used silver from the New World to buy support.

He worked with the Church to build a new bureaucracy.

He turned Madrid into the capital of Spain.

. What did Philip II wish to accomplish by launching the Spanish Armada of 1588?

He wanted to bring the Netherlands back under Spanish control.

He wanted to defeat the resurging Ottomans in the Mediterranean.

He wanted to conquer England for Catholicism.

He wanted to control all trade between Europe and the Americas.

. The most likely cause for the Little Ice Age in the seventeenth century was

El-Niño conditions.

worldwide volcanic activity.

a decline in solar activity.

polar expansion.

. Which Italian scientist was prosecuted by the Inquisition for his heliocentric views in the seventeenth century?

Dante Alighieri

Tyco Brahe

René Descartes

Galileo Galilei

. Beginning in the sixteenth century, what demand boosted the production of textiles in northern European countries like Holland, France, and England?

Demand from India and China

Demand due to urbanization

Demand from colonies

Demand due to the Little Ice Age

. Louis XIV's drive to establish a strong absolutist monarchy during the seventeenth century had its roots in

the Renaissance.

the Fronde.

the Thirty Years' War.

the Huguenot rebellion.

. The English Civil War was a conflict between the English king Charles I and

Parliament.

Scotland.

his son.

Wales.

. By the late sixteenth century, Barbary pirates made significant profits by selling safe passage to European vessels and

capturing European coastal cities.

selling slaves in European markets.

taking European hostages to sell for ransom.

trading with Italian city-states.

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