Chapter 16 Quiz B with Explanations

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. With the rapid growth of population during the fifteenth century, European merchants became focused on finding new sources of

gold and silver. correct incorrect

silk. correct incorrect

wool. correct incorrect

spices. correct incorrect

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. In the fifteenth century, Europeans began to use gun and gunpowder technology that had originated in

India. correct incorrect

Egypt. correct incorrect

China. correct incorrect

Iran. correct incorrect

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. What prompted Portugal's maritime growth in the fifteenth century?

The Portuguese sought overseas opportunities due to inadequate resources at home. correct incorrect

The Portuguese were under pressure from Spanish commercial interests. correct incorrect

The Portuguese sought to defend their coasts from North African pirates. correct incorrect

The Portuguese were encouraged by Italian merchant colonies in Lisbon. correct incorrect

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. What goal did the Portuguese have in conquering ports around the Indian Ocean in the early sixteenth century?

They wanted to establish bases for future land conquests. correct incorrect

They were looking for new sources of slaves. correct incorrect

They wanted to convert the region to Catholicism. correct incorrect

They sought to control maritime trade in Asia. correct incorrect

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. What Native American people did Columbus first encounter in the Caribbean?

Maya correct incorrect

Taino correct incorrect

Guanches correct incorrect

Carib correct incorrect

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. The Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal was negotiated in 1494 by the

Holy Roman emperor. correct incorrect

Byzantine emperor. correct incorrect

pope. correct incorrect

King of England. correct incorrect

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. The efforts of Bartolomé de las Casas in the 1540s helped to limit what Spanish colonial institution?

The encomienda correct incorrect

The Church correct incorrect

The mita correct incorrect

The Inquisition correct incorrect

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. The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World is called the

Triangle Trade. correct incorrect

Columbian Exchange. correct incorrect

Magellan Circuit. correct incorrect

Atlantic Connection. correct incorrect

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. Documentary evidence suggests that during the sixteenth century the native populations of the Americas and the Pacific declined by

40 percent. correct incorrect

90 percent. correct incorrect

20 percent. correct incorrect

50 percent. correct incorrect

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. In addition to attacks by the Spanish and their Amerindian allies, what contributed to the fall of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521?

Conflict among the Aztec nobility correct incorrect

Abandonment by Aztec allies correct incorrect

Starvation and disease correct incorrect

Shortages in weaponry correct incorrect

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. According to nineteenth-century historians, what was a major factor in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and Incas in the sixteenth century?

Religion correct incorrect

Environment correct incorrect

Technology correct incorrect

Leadership correct incorrect

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. What sixteenth-century technical innovation contributed to a significant increase in silver production in the New World?

Large-scale refining that used the amalgamation process correct incorrect

Deep-shaft mining with ore excavators correct incorrect

The cyanide-leaching process correct incorrect

Wind-driven winches and elevators correct incorrect

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. How did the mining of silver and mercury affect the indigenous populations of the Andes and Mexico?

It led to higher standards of living. correct incorrect

It caused significant migration from north to south. correct incorrect

It deepened demographic decline. correct incorrect

It led to the development of labor organizations. correct incorrect

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. What was a key development in the long-term conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism during the sixteenth century?

Missionaries encouraged the Inquisition to root out all old religious traditions. correct incorrect

Missionaries focused their attention on converting young indigenous boys rather than elders. correct incorrect

Missionaries paid close attention to converting shamans and priests as examples to their people. correct incorrect

Missionaries opened schools for the entire population as a way to educate all in the new faith. correct incorrect

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. Which European country claimed Brazil in 1500?

Italy correct incorrect

Spain correct incorrect

England correct incorrect

Portugal correct incorrect

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. What did the Portuguese crown do to encourage development in Brazil during the 1530s?

It encouraged the building of settlement colonies and feitorías in the same manner as the Portuguese had done in Africa. correct incorrect

It split Brazil up into proprietary colonies whose governors were responsible for settlement and economic growth. correct incorrect

It distributed huge estates to religious orders that were responsible for conversion of the local population and economic growth. correct incorrect

It awarded land to France and Holland in exchange for revenues from the taxation of landowners and merchants. correct incorrect

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. Brazil became the leading producer of what crop by 1570?

Cotton correct incorrect

Corn correct incorrect

Sugarcane correct incorrect

Potatoes correct incorrect

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. What percentage of African slaves went to Brazil by the time the slave trade ended in the nineteenth century?

40 percent correct incorrect

60 percent correct incorrect

20 percent correct incorrect

55 percent correct incorrect

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. In the sixteenth century, which Spanish conquistador attempted to conquer the Mapuche and paid with his life?

Martín García de Loyola correct incorrect

Hernando Cortés correct incorrect

Ferdinand Magellan correct incorrect

Pedro de Valdivia correct incorrect

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. What happened to the Mapuche in the late nineteenth century?

Faced with annihilation by the Chilean military, they were relegated to marginalized lives on reservations. correct incorrect

They established their own independent province in southern Chile. correct incorrect

Using wealth found in gold mines along the Arauca River, they entered the upper classes of Chilean society. correct incorrect

They fought a long conflict with the Chilean army that resulted in their unification with Argentina. correct incorrect