Chapter 16 Quiz A with Explanations

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. Which European state emerged to establish the first worldwide maritime empire in the fifteenth century?

Spain correct incorrect

England correct incorrect

France correct incorrect

Portugal correct incorrect

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. Sub-Saharan Africans replaced which group as the major source for slaves in the fifteenth century?

Indians correct incorrect

North Africans correct incorrect

Slavs correct incorrect

Pacific Islanders correct incorrect

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. The introduction of the compass and the astrolabe in the fifteenth century greatly improved European

navigation. correct incorrect

banking. correct incorrect

science. correct incorrect

manufacturing. correct incorrect

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. Who gained control of the Canary Islands in the fifteenth century?

The French correct incorrect

The Portuguese correct incorrect

The Genoese correct incorrect

The Spanish correct incorrect

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. Which Spanish explorer landed on the island of Guanahani in October of 1492?

Bartolomeu Dias correct incorrect

Christopher Colombus correct incorrect

Marco Polo correct incorrect

Amerigo Vespucci correct incorrect

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. How was the concern over "cannibalism" in the Caribbean used by the Spanish during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?

They used it to keep other Europeans away. correct incorrect

They used it as a motive for Christianization. correct incorrect

They used it to rationalize their domination. correct incorrect

They used it as a means for slavery. correct incorrect

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. In the early sixteenth century, the encomienda system in the Caribbean was used by the Spanish mostly to collect labor

for gold mining. correct incorrect

for estates in Spain. correct incorrect

for commercial shipping. correct incorrect

for trade to other Europeans. correct incorrect

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. Whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe between 1519 and 1522?

Christopher Columbus correct incorrect

Ferdinand Magellan correct incorrect

Amerigo Vespucci correct incorrect

Juan de Solis correct incorrect

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. What American food product contributed to population growth in northern Europe?

The peanut correct incorrect

The pepper correct incorrect

The bean correct incorrect

The potato correct incorrect

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. The conquistador Hernando Cortéz was famous for his sixteenth-century conquest of

the Maya. correct incorrect

the Inca. correct incorrect

the Aztecs. correct incorrect

the Mapuche. correct incorrect

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. What aided Pizzaro and his men in their subjugation of the Inca Empire by 1534?

They defeated the Inca army in a major battle. correct incorrect

They isolated the Inca capital, Cuzco. correct incorrect

They captured the Sapa Inca, Atawallpa. correct incorrect

They took advantage of a civil war among Sapa Incas. correct incorrect

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. Potosí was the largest producer of what precious metal for Spain in the sixteenth century?

Gold correct incorrect

Silver correct incorrect

Platinum correct incorrect

Copper correct incorrect

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. How did the Spanish mobilize labor for silver and mercury mines in the the sixteenth century?

They imported workers from North America. correct incorrect

They used a draft called the mita. correct incorrect

They brought indentured labor from Spain. correct incorrect

They used prisoners-of-war from Europe. correct incorrect

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. How did the indigenous populations of Spanish America respond to the introduction of Catholicism?

They fiercely protected their traditional religious practices. correct incorrect

They resisted conversion until the arrival of the Inquisition. correct incorrect

They retained many of their religious traditions and did not fully convert. correct incorrect

They fully converted after the destruction of their traditional religious elites. correct incorrect

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. Who acted as preservers of indigenous traditions in the Americas?

Shamans correct incorrect

Chiefs correct incorrect

Missionaries correct incorrect

Women correct incorrect

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. Early Portuguese exploitation of Brazil centered on the harvesting of brazilwood, which was used to manufacture

dye. correct incorrect

furniture. correct incorrect

drugs. correct incorrect

ships. correct incorrect

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. Which European state challenged Portuguese control of Brazil during the sixteenth century?

England correct incorrect

France correct incorrect

Holland correct incorrect

Spain. correct incorrect

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. Why did Brazil become a major destination of African slaves during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?

The Portuguese crown did not allow the natives to work on plantations due to their conversion to Christianity. correct incorrect

Sugar plantations needed skilled labor, which only West African states could provide. correct incorrect

There was no indigenous population in Brazil, so the Portuguese were forced to rely on imported labor. correct incorrect

The indigenous population of Brazil was an unreliable source of labor for sugar plantations. correct incorrect

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. Which Amerindian group resisted Spanish and Chilean subjugation for over five centuries?

The Maya correct incorrect

The Inca correct incorrect

The Mapuche correct incorrect

The Aztecs correct incorrect

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. The Mapuche were successful against the Spanish because of their warrior culture and

their adoption of the horse and various weapons from the Spanish. correct incorrect

the lack of strong Spanish military forces in the area. correct incorrect

their ability to build fortified centers of resistance. correct incorrect

their strong relationship with the Inca. correct incorrect